To Smoke or Not To Smoke: Cigarettes Have a Negative Effect on Wound Healing of Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Álvaro‐Afonso, Francisco Javier; Lázaro‐Martínez, José Luis; Παπάνας, Νικόλαος

doi:10.1177/1534734618808168

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…The multidrug efflux pumps found in S. aureus are grouped into five families of membrane proteins: the ATP-binding cassette, small multidrug resistance family, major stimulator superfamily (MFS), resistant nodular division superfamily, and multidrug and toxin extrusion family (Jang, 2016). Furthermore, MRSA strains have additional virulence factors, such as toxins and adhesion proteins (Alvaro-Afonso et al, 2018;Smart et al, 2019).…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characteristics and Exotoxins of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

et al. 2021

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacterial pathogen capable of causing human diseases, such as soft tissue infection, bacteremia, endocarditis, toxic shock syndrome, pneumonia, and sepsis. Although the incidence rate of diseases caused by MRSA has declined in recent years, these diseases still pose a clinical threat due to their consistently high morbidity and mortality rates. However, the role of virulence factors in staphylococcal infections remains incompletely understood. Methicillin resistance, which confers resistance to all β-lactam antibiotics in cellular islets, is mediated by the mecA gene in the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). Differences in SCCmec types and differences in their sizes and structures serve epidemiological purposes and are used to differentiate between hospital-associated (HA)-MRSA and community-associated (CA)-MRSA. Some virulence factors of S. aureus are also providing a distinction between HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA. These factors vary depending on the presence of toxins, adhesion, immune evasion, and other virulence determinants. In this review, we summarized an overview of MRSA such as resistance mechanisms, SCCmec types, HA-and CA-MRSA, and virulence factors that enhance pathogenicity or MRSA epidemiology, transmission, and genetic diversity.

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characteristics and Exotoxins of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

et al. 2021

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“…The choice of anti-diabetic treatment must be individualized according to several parameters such as glycemic and weight goals, cardio-renal protection, side effects associated with treatments, mode of administration or even cost or accessibility ( 13 ). Stopping smoking is also beneficial for wound healing of DFU and must therefore always be considered in the management ( 14 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current knowledge of morbidities and direct costs related to diabetic foot disorders: a literature review

Waibel,

Uçkay,

Soldevila-Boixader

et al. 2024

Front. Endocrinol.

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Diabetes is a chronic disease associated with numerous complications including diabetic foot disorders, which are associated with significant morbidity and mortality as well as high costs. The costs associated with diabetic foot disorders comprise those linked to care (direct) and loss of productivity and poor quality of life (indirect). Due to the constant increase in diabetes prevalence, it is expected that diabetic foot disorder will require more resources, both in terms of caregivers and economically. We reviewed findings on management, morbidity, mortality, and costs related to diabetic foot disorder.

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“…5 Hyperglycemia results in overproduction of reactive oxygen species, which is one of the major causes of complications for delayed wound healing in diabetic patients. 6,7 Therefore, application of phytochemicals with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties to regulate persistent inflammatory responses and reduction of free radicals could be a beneficial approach to improve healing of diabetic wounds. 8,9 Teucrium polium, also known popularly as felty germander, is a perennial plant from the Lamiaceae family, which grows in Mediterranean region and different areas of Iran.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topical Application of Teucrium polium Can Improve Wound Healing in Diabetic Rats

Huseini

Abdolghaffari

Ahwazi

et al. 2019

The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds

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Diabetic foot ulcer is one of the major complications among diabetic patients. Several studies have shown that the extract of Teucrium polium (T. polium) is effective in the treatment of diabetic and non-diabetic wounds, as well as burn wounds. The aim of current study was to assess the wound healing activity of T. polium extract ointment in diabetic rats. Sixty-four male Wistar rats were induced diabetes with alloxan injection (125 mg/kg) and surgical wound induced. The rats were divided into 8 groups of eight rats each: control group, eucerin group, phenytoin group, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% and 10% T. polium groups. The ointment was dressed on the wound twice a day. The process of wound healing was screened by macroscopy and digitalization on days 14 and 21 and until complete wound healing. There was no infection in the wounds of rats in any groups. The process of wounds healing of the 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, and 10% T. polium ointments, with phenytoin ointment and base ointment (eucerin) on day 14 and 21, showed that the significant difference between the treatment groups with 4% (P = 0.003), 5% (P = 0.001), 10% (P = 0.001) T. polium ointment and phenytoin ointment group (P = 0.001) compared to eucerin group. The results of this study showed that T. polium extract ointment with a 10% ointment accelerates the wound healing process in diabetic rats and is comparable to the phenytoin group.

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To Smoke or Not To Smoke: Cigarettes Have a Negative Effect on Wound Healing of Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Cited by 10 publications

References 26 publications

Molecular Characteristics and Exotoxins of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Molecular Characteristics and Exotoxins of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Current knowledge of morbidities and direct costs related to diabetic foot disorders: a literature review

Topical Application of Teucrium polium Can Improve Wound Healing in Diabetic Rats

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