To stress or not to stress: Brain-behavior-immune interaction may weaken or promote the immune response to SARS-CoV-2

Peters, Eva M.J.; Schedlowski, Manfred; Watzl, Carsten; Gimsa, Ulrike

doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100296

Cited by 42 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 177 publications

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“…Acute psychosocial stress induces activation of the SA, HPA and NNA, triggering vasoconstriction, neurogenic inflammation and pro‐inflammatory mediator release and subsequently the anti‐inflammatory CA in an attempt to maintain homeostasis 16,30,82 . Inflammasome activation, upregulation of NK cell activity and upregulated release of Th1 cytokines via peripheral SA activation and via sensory nerves can protect against acute infectious agents as well as skin cancers; 83 this may contribute to better control of viral infections 84 . In mice, short‐term restrain stress before UV exposure also led to greater cutaneous T‐cell attracting chemokine, IFN‐γ gene expression and higher infiltrating T cell numbers 85 .…”

Section: Biological and Clinical Effects Of Distinct Skin Stressorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 16 , 30 , 82 Inflammasome activation, upregulation of NK cell activity and upregulated release of Th1 cytokines via peripheral SA activation and via sensory nerves can protect against acute infectious agents as well as skin cancers; 83 this may contribute to better control of viral infections. 84 In mice, short‐term restrain stress before UV exposure also led to greater cutaneous T‐cell attracting chemokine, IFN‐γ gene expression and higher infiltrating T cell numbers. 85 Of note, physical pain (3‐min cold pressor pain stimulus) can cause acute psychological stress.…”

Section: Biological and Clinical Effects Of Distinct Skin Stressorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adult skin acute stress responses to short‐term environmental and internal aggression from exposome factors

Passeron

Zouboulis

Tan

et al. 2021

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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Exposome factors that lead to stressed skin can be defined as any disturbance to homeostasis from environmental (meteorological factors, solar radiation, pollution or tobacco smoke) and/or internal exposure (unhealthy diet, hormonal variations, lack of sleep, psychosocial stress). The clinical and biological impact of chronic exposome effects on skin functions has been extensively reviewed, whereas there is a paucity of information on the impact of short‐term acute exposure. Acute stress, which would typically last minutes to hours (and generally no more than a week), provokes a transient but robust neuroendocrine‐immune and tissue remodelling response in the skin and can alter the skin barrier. Firstly, we provide an overview of the biological effects of various acute stressors on six key skin functions, namely the skin physical barrier, pigmentation, defences (antioxidant, immune cell‐mediated, microbial and microbiome maintenance), structure (extracellular matrix and appendages), neuroendocrine and thermoregulation functions. Secondly, we describe the biological and clinical effects on adult skin from individual exposome factors that elicit an acute stress response and their consequences in skin health maintenance. Clinical manifestations of acutely stressed skin may include dry skin that might accentuate fine lines, oily skin, sensitive skin, pruritus, erythema, pale skin, sweating, oedema and flares of inflammatory skin conditions such as acne, rosacea, atopic dermatitis, pigmentation disorders and skin superinfection such as viral reactivation. Acute stresses can also induce scalp sensitivity, telogen effluvium and worsen alopecia.

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Section: Biological and Clinical Effects Of Distinct Skin Stressorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biological and Clinical Effects Of Distinct Skin Stressorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult skin acute stress responses to short‐term environmental and internal aggression from exposome factors

Passeron

Zouboulis

Tan

et al. 2021

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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“…Epithelial cells and immunocytes for example produce and secrete neuroendocrine stress mediators locally and communicate via auto-and para-mechanisms with the systemic stress response systems (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). In the stress response, this close interaction serves the maintenance of homeostasis but can become psychotoxic if exaggerated (9,10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Pathways for the Skin's Stress Response: The Cholinergic Neuropeptide SLURP-1 Can Activate Mast Cells and Alter Cytokine Production in Mice

et al. 2021

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Background: The alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (Chrna7) plays an essential anti-inflammatory role in immune homeostasis and was recently found on mast cells (MC). Psychosocial stress can trigger MC hyperactivation and increases pro-inflammatory cytokines in target tissues such as the skin. If the cholinergic system (CS) and Chrna7 ligands play a role in these cascades is largely unknown.Objective: To elucidate the role of the CS in the response to psychosocial stress using a mouse-model for stress-triggered cutaneous inflammatory circuits.Methods: Key CS markers (ACh, Ch, SLURP-1, SLURP-2, Lynx1, Chrm3, Chrna7, Chrna9, ChAT, VAChT, Oct3, AChE, and BChE) in skin and its MC (sMC), MC activation, immune parameters (TNFα, IL1β, IL10, TGFβ, HIF1α, and STAT3) and oxidative stress were analyzed in skin from 24 h noise-stressed mice and in cultured MC (cMC) from C57BL/6 or Chrna7-Knockout mice.Results: First, Chrna7 and SLURP-1 mRNA were exclusively upregulated in stressed skin. Second, histomorphometry located Chrna7 and SLURP-1 in nerves and sMC and demonstrated upregulated contacts and increased Chrna7+ sMC in stressed skin, while 5 ng/mL SLURP-1 degranulated cMC. Third, IL1β+ sMC were high in stressed skin, and while SLURP-1 alone had no significant effect on cMC cytokines, it upregulated IL1β in cMC from Chrna7-KO and in IL1β-treated wildtype cMC. In addition, HIF1α+ sMC were high in stressed skin and Chrna7-agonist AR-R 17779 induced ROS in cMC while SLURP-1 upregulated TNFα and IL1β in cMC when HIF1α was blocked.Conclusions: These data infer that the CS plays a role in the regulation of stress-sensitive inflammatory responses but may have a surprising pro-inflammatory effect in healthy skin, driving IL1β expression if SLURP-1 is involved.

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“…A potential contributor to the reinfection could have been postsurgical stress, there is growing evidence that stressful stimuli lead to disruptions in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal cortisol axis, and this can impact immunological and neuroendocrine pathways. 5 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case of COVID-19 Reinfection and Systematic Review of Patterns of Reinfection

Chamblain

Dawkins

Lane

et al. 2021

Infect Dis Clin Pract

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To stress or not to stress: Brain-behavior-immune interaction may weaken or promote the immune response to SARS-CoV-2

Cited by 42 publications

References 177 publications

Adult skin acute stress responses to short‐term environmental and internal aggression from exposome factors

Adult skin acute stress responses to short‐term environmental and internal aggression from exposome factors

New Pathways for the Skin's Stress Response: The Cholinergic Neuropeptide SLURP-1 Can Activate Mast Cells and Alter Cytokine Production in Mice

A case of COVID-19 Reinfection and Systematic Review of Patterns of Reinfection

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