To the Comment of P. Markondeya Raj and K. T. Jacob from K. Koyama

Kôyama, Kôichirô

doi:10.2320/matertrans1989.36.1091

Cited by 459 publications

(722 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The cross-over scale r c appears in the following modification of the linearized Poisson equation as an additional term to quantify the effect of enhanced gravity (Koyama & Silva 2007): where Y( ) x t , is the Newtonian potential, H(t) is the Hubble parameter, r ( ) t is the mean mass density of the universe, and d ( ) t is the dimensionless density contrast. The strength of the fifth force decreases as the cross-over scale r c increases in the nDGP models.…”

Section: Data and Models: A Brief Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Modified Gravity on the Odds of the Bound Violations of the Turn-around Radii

Lee

2017

ApJ

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(2017) 'The eect of modied gravity on the odds of the bound violations of the turn-around radii.', Astrophysical journal., 842 (1). p. 2.Further information on publisher's website:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa706fPublisher's copyright statement: c 2017. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. AbstractThe turn-around radii of the galaxy groups show the imprint of a long battle between their self-gravitational forces and the accelerating space. The standard ΛCDM cosmology based on the general relativity (GR) predicts the existence of an upper bound on the expectation value of the turn-around radius that is rarely violated by individual galaxy groups. We speculate that a deviation of the gravitational law from GR on the cosmological scale could cause an appreciable shift of the mean turn-around radius to higher values and make the occurrence of the bound violation more probable. Analyzing the data from high-resolution N-body simulations for two specific models with modified gravity (MG) and the standard GR+ΛCDM cosmology, we determine the turn-around radii of the massive Rockstar groups from the peculiar motions of the galactic halos located in the bound zone where the fifth force generated by MG is expected to be, at most, partially shielded. We detect a s 4 signal of difference in the odds of the bound violations between a fiducial MG and the GR models, which proves that the odds of the bound violations increase with the strength of the fifth force produced by the presence of MG. The advantage of using the odds of the bound violations as a complementary diagnostics to probe the nature of gravity is discussed.

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Section: Data and Models: A Brief Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Modified Gravity on the Odds of the Bound Violations of the Turn-around Radii

Lee

2017

ApJ

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“…[3-B]). The axis of the tip is aligned along a 100 -crystallographic direction of diamond, and the end-facet of the tip is likely a {100}-plane [20]. The normal vector to the tip surface region exhibiting graphene accumulation makes an angle near 55 • with the indenter axis.…”

Section: ) Amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The surface hydrogen coverage on a diamond surface is determined by its process history [27,28]. For example, experiments suggest that an as-cleaved diamond surface is nearly clean, and upon annealing, it becomes hydrogenated [21]; while an ablative treatment such as ion beam milling -which is often involved in fabrication of nano-indenters [20] -removes some hydrogen from the diamond surface, leaving it in a partially-hydrogenated state [28]. Mechanochemical FEA simulation -We now examine the consequences of bonding-induced shear stiction at the graphene-indenter interface by means of FEA simulations which duly incorporate mechanochemical details of the graphene-indenter interaction.…”

Section: ) Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain Shielding from Mechanically Activated Covalent Bond Formation during Nanoindentation of Graphene Delays the Onset of Failure

Kumar

Parks

2015

Nano Lett.

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Mechanical failure of an ideal crystal is dictated either by an elastic instability or a soft-mode instability. Previous interpretations of nano-indentation experiments on suspended graphene sheets [1,2], however, indicate an anomaly: the inferred strain in the graphene sheet directly beneath the diamond indenter at the measured failure load is anomalously large compared to the fracture strains predicted by both soft-mode and acoustic analyses. Through multi-scale modeling combining the results of continuum, atomistic, and quantum calculations; and analysis of experiments, we identify a strain-shielding effect initiated by mechanochemical interactions at the graphene-indenter interface as the operative mechanism responsible for this anomaly. Transmission electron micrographs (TEM) and a molecular model of the diamond indenter's tip suggest that the tip surface contains facets comprising crystallographic {111} and {100} planes. Ab initio and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations confirm that a covalent bond (weld) formation between graphene and the crystallographic {111} and {100} facets on the indenter's surface can be induced by compressive contact stresses of the order achieved in nano-indentation tests. Finite element analysis (FEA) and MD simulations of nano-indentation reveal that the shear stiction provided by the induced covalent bonding restricts relative slip of the graphene sheet at its contact with the indenter, thus initiating a local strain-shielding effect. As a result, subsequent to stress-induced bonding at the graphene-indenter interface, the spatial variation of continuing incremental strain is substantially redistributed, locally shielding the region directly beneath the indenter by limiting the buildup of strain while imparting deformation to the surrounding regions. The extent of strain shielding is governed by strength of the shear stiction, which depends upon the level of hydrogen saturation at the indenter's surface. We show that, at intermediate levels of hydrogen saturation, the strain-shielding effect can enable the graphene to support experimentally-determined fracture loads and displacements without prematurely reaching locally limiting states of stress and deformation.Keywords: Graphene, ideal strength, lattice stability, nano-indentation, mechanochemistry, strain-shielding. Lee, et al. [1] measured the fracture strength of graphene using nano-indentation experiments and reported an unprecedentedly high intrinsic strength, measuring orders of magnitude greater than those of conventional materials. The nano-indentation involves instrumented indentation of a suspended graphene sheet by a nanoscale diamond indenter up to the point of failure. However, the local stress and strain beneath the indenter are not directly measurable in such nano-indentation experiments; instead, the indentation load (F ) as a function of indentation depth (u z | r=0 ) during the course of indentation is recorded. Finite Elements Analysis (FEA) based on an appropriate constitutive description of graphe...

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“…KF-KPO 3 -WO 3 melts are found to be suitable for the electrodeposition of W [1]. However, the properties (as e. g. conductivity, surface tension, density and viscosity) of these melts have not been studied sufficiently,…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Tension of KPO₃-WO₃ Melts

Lisnyak

Slobodyanik

Stus

2008

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung A

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The temperatures T liq of molten xWO 3 -(1 − x)KPO 3 mixtures with a molar content between x = 0 and x = 0.60 have been determined by differential thermal analysis. The surface tension of the xWO 3 -(1 − x)KPO 3 melts in the interval from x = 0 to x = 0.5 has been measured by ring tensiometry for temperatures 10 K -20 K above the melting points, up to 1373 K. The data obtained for KPO 3 were fitted by a linear dependence on the temperature and compared with data available in the literature. The surface tension of the xWO 3 -(1 − x)KPO 3 melts was found to decrease non-monotonously with x. Three bends at x ∼ 0.15, 0.30, and 0.45 were observed in the surface tension vs. molar fraction curve. The first and the third bends correspond to eutectic compositions; the second one is related to the formation of congruently melting K 2 WO 2 P 2 O 7 . Equations describing the temperature and concentration dependences of the surface tension are proposed.

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To the Comment of P. Markondeya Raj and K. T. Jacob from K. Koyama

Cited by 459 publications

References 2 publications

The Effect of Modified Gravity on the Odds of the Bound Violations of the Turn-around Radii

The Effect of Modified Gravity on the Odds of the Bound Violations of the Turn-around Radii

Strain Shielding from Mechanically Activated Covalent Bond Formation during Nanoindentation of Graphene Delays the Onset of Failure

Surface Tension of KPO₃-WO₃ Melts

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To the Comment of P. Markondeya Raj and K. T. Jacob from K. Koyama

Cited by 459 publications

References 2 publications

The Effect of Modified Gravity on the Odds of the Bound Violations of the Turn-around Radii

The Effect of Modified Gravity on the Odds of the Bound Violations of the Turn-around Radii

Strain Shielding from Mechanically Activated Covalent Bond Formation during Nanoindentation of Graphene Delays the Onset of Failure

Surface Tension of KPO3-WO3 Melts

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Surface Tension of KPO₃-WO₃ Melts