To treat or not to treat: Microfilaria detected in Pap smear

Microfilaria in cervicovaginal Pap smears: A common parasite hiding in an unusual site: Short series of four cases with literature review

“…Man is a natural host with infection rates rising with age up to the age of 20–30 years while the decline in middle and old age 1 . In our index case, the age ranges were from 25 to 55 years, while the previous studies have ranged from 25 to 80 years 2–4,7,10,12–15 . Two distinct clinical illnesses are noted in filariasis 1 .…”

“…1 In our index case, the age ranges were from 25 to 55 years, while the previous studies have ranged from 25 to 80 years. [2][3][4]7,10,[12][13][14][15] Two distinct clinical illnesses are noted in filariasis. 1 First, lymphatic filariasis presented with either asymptomatic amicrofilaremia (endemic normals), asymptomatic microfilaremia, acute lymphangitis, lymphadenitis, lymphedema, epididymo-orchitis in the male, chronic lymphadenitis, hydrocele, chyluria or elephantiasis of legs, scrotum, arms, penis, vulva, and breasts.…”

“…1,3 Traditionally, eosinophilia and microfilaremia seen in peripheral blood smears, together with suggestive clinical features, used to diagnose. 3,4 Although many people are affected, it is uncommon to find microfilariae in routine cytology smears. 5 Majority of the prior literature revealed an incidental diagnosis of microfilaria in cytology smear from various sites, including the breast, thyroid, bone marrow, soft tissue, epididymis, salivary gland, ovarian cyst, lymph nodes, pleural fluids, pericardial fluids, and cervicovaginal smear.…”

“…In contrast, a small percentage of people display clinical symptoms of lymphatic or occult filariasis 1,3 . Traditionally, eosinophilia and microfilaremia seen in peripheral blood smears, together with suggestive clinical features, used to diagnose 3,4 . Although many people are affected, it is uncommon to find microfilariae in routine cytology smears 5 .…”

Incidental finding of microfilariae in cervicovaginal smears on liquid-based cytology - A case report of two cases with review of literature

“…Extensive search of the literature shows only one case report[ 7 ] where microfilariae were reported on liquid-based preparation smears. The importance of this case lies in the fact that the young budding pathologists should keep in mind, the variation in morphology of these microfilariae in LBC smears and not mistake them as an artifact.…”