To vaccinate or not to vaccinate!? Predictors of willingness to receive Covid-19 vaccination in Europe, the U.S., and China

Brailovskaia, Julia; Schneider, Silvia; Margraf, Jürgen

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0260230

Cited by 36 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Elliott and colleagues found a lower intent to vaccination in women than in men [ 18 ]. An international survey on willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccination showed a higher propensity in men than women in Germany, France, Russia, and the US, but not in China, where men were more hesitant than women [ 16 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2020, the vaccines against COVID-19 were not available yet, and the vaccination campaign started at the end of December 2020. Although a comprehensive vaccination against COVID-19 could help reduce socioeconomic inequalities, several studies investigated the characteristics associated with the willingness to receive the vaccination against COVID-19 [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ], showing greater hesitancy in the disadvantaged groups of the population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Educational Inequalities in COVID-19 Vaccination: A Cross-Sectional Study of the Adult Population in the Lazio Region, Italy

et al. 2022

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Several studies reported socioeconomic inequalities during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed at investigating educational inequalities in COVID-19 vaccination on 22 December 2021. We used the cohort of all residents in the Lazio Region, Central Italy, established at the beginning of the pandemic to investigate the effects of COVID-19. The Lazio Region has 5.5 million residents, mostly distributed in the Metropolitan Area of Rome (4.3 million inhabitants). We selected those aged 35 years or more who were alive and still residents on 22 December 2021. The cohort included data on sociodemographic, health characteristics, COVID-19 vaccination (none, partial, or complete), and SARS-CoV-2 infection. We used adjusted logistic regression models to analyze the association between level of education and no vaccination. We investigated 3,186,728 subjects (54% women). By the end of 2021, 88.1% of the population was fully vaccinated, and 10.3% were not vaccinated. There were strong socioeconomic inequalities in not getting vaccinated: compared with those with a university degree, residents with a high school degree had an odds ratio (OR) of 1.29 (95% confidence interval, CI, 1.27–1.30), and subjects with a junior high or primary school attainment had an OR = 1.41 (95% CI: 1.40–1.43). Since a comprehensive vaccination against COVID-19 could help reduce socioeconomic inequalities raised with the pandemic, further efforts in reaching the low socioeconomic strata of the population are crucial.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Educational Inequalities in COVID-19 Vaccination: A Cross-Sectional Study of the Adult Population in the Lazio Region, Italy

et al. 2022

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“…This is a very critical concern because urban dwellers are largely educated with a significant presence on several social media platforms [ 41 ]. In some previous studies, several authors have reported negative association between social media exposure and the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines [ 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 ], while others reported positive association [ 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing Willingness to Be Vaccinated against COVID-19 in Nigeria

Oyekale

2022

IJERPH

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Vaccines have been historically used to address some pressing health problems in the world. COVID-19 presents no exception, although vaccine hesitancy remains a major bottleneck in some countries. This study analyzed the factors influencing willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19 in Nigeria. The data are from the 10th wave of COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (COVID-19 NLPS) that was conducted in 2021. The data were analyzed with Logit regression. The result showed that the national acceptance rate of COVID-19 vaccine was 85.29%. The North East had the highest acceptance rate (96.14%), while the South East (71.80%) had the lowest value. Rural areas had higher vaccine acceptance rates of 87.80% as compared against 81.41% for urban areas. Logit regression result showed that urban residents in the South East zone and the South South zone were not too worried about contracting COVID-19 or not worried at all about contracting COVID-19, saw COVID-19 as not much of a threat to household finance or COVID-19 as not a threat at all to households’ finances, which significantly reduced the log odds of residents’ willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19 (p < 0.05). However, age, the COVID-19 preventive compliance index and needing medical services significantly increased the log odds of the willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19 vaccines (p < 0.05). Addressing the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria through vaccination requires significant interventions for ensuring regional and sectoral balances in vaccine acceptability through interventions and programmes for promoting individuals’ perception of health risk and vulnerability.

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“…Wang and colleagues [ 24 ] highlight that demographic characteristics are key factors driving people’s behaviors to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Sociodemographic characteristics such as age, sex, education level, mental health, and ethnicity significantly affect the willingness to receive the vaccine [ 25 , 26 , 27 ]. Moreover, healthcare workers and individuals considering themselves at risk of disease were more likely to self-report acceptability to receive a COVID-19 vaccination [ 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Willingness to Receive COVID-19 Booster Vaccine: Associations between Green-Pass, Social Media Information, Anti-Vax Beliefs, and Emotional Balance

et al. 2022

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The aims of the present investigation were (i) to determine psychological relapses of COVID-19 booster vaccine; (ii) to identify the determining factors affecting willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine; and (iii) to study the relationship among emotional characteristics (anxiety, stress, depression, optimism), social media information, and the mandatory political choices (i.e., green-pass) in Croatian people. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted for 1003 participants (median age: 40 years) from Croatia during December 2021. Results showed a significant association between vaccinated and unvaccinated participants in all sociodemographic variables, except for gender (p = 0.905). For psychological variables, significant differences were found only for levels of optimism (p < 0.001). People with a postgraduate degree (OR: 2.25, [1.14–4.46], p = 0.020) and PhD (OR: 1.97, [95% CI: 1.01–3.52], p = 0.021) had higher odds of being vaccinated than participants with high school diplomas. Additionally, participants seeking information on TV and radio (OR: 2.35, [1.71–3.23], p < 0.001) or from general practitioner (OR: 2.53, [1.78–3.61], p < 0.001) had higher odds of being vaccinated. Conversely, participants seeking information on social networks (OR: 0.36, [0.27–0.49], p < 0.001), general internet/blogs forums (OR: 0.34, [0.22–0.52], p < 0.001), and from friends or acquaintances (OR: 0.66, [0.48–0.91], p = 0.011) had lower odds of being vaccinated. Additionally, results showed that information policies have failed to fully convince the population to vaccinate and that depression (p = 0.491), anxiety (p = 0.220), and stress (p = 0.521) were not determining factors leading to the decision to receive COVID-19 vaccine. Most of the vaccinated participants perceived the green-pass as potentially useful. In contrast, most unvaccinated participants believed that the green-pass is a form of discrimination and not useful (88%). Further and broader research into possible reasons for continuing or undertaking vaccination is needed. It is recommended to introduce a measure of conformism that represents a change of attitude, belief, or behavior in a narrower sense.

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To vaccinate or not to vaccinate!? Predictors of willingness to receive Covid-19 vaccination in Europe, the U.S., and China

Cited by 36 publications

References 87 publications

Educational Inequalities in COVID-19 Vaccination: A Cross-Sectional Study of the Adult Population in the Lazio Region, Italy

Educational Inequalities in COVID-19 Vaccination: A Cross-Sectional Study of the Adult Population in the Lazio Region, Italy

Factors Influencing Willingness to Be Vaccinated against COVID-19 in Nigeria

Willingness to Receive COVID-19 Booster Vaccine: Associations between Green-Pass, Social Media Information, Anti-Vax Beliefs, and Emotional Balance

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