To What Extent are Prenatal Androgens Involved in the Development of Male Homosexuality in Humans?

Tasos, Emmanuel

doi:10.1080/00918369.2021.1933792

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 143 publications

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“…Moreover, there is recent anecdotal evidence from China that the assumption of higher estrogen among (at least a subset) of gay men persists (Zhou, 2023). Although Tasos (2022) conceded that there is suggestive evidence that distinct patterns of embryonic GH exposure may be linked to sexual orientation in later life, Balthazart’s (2011) review revealed no link between circulating GH levels and sexual orientation in adulthood. Illustrative of this, Juster et al (2016) found that although sexual orientation moderated associations between GHs and stress markers among Canadian men, mean levels of testosterone and estradiol did not differ significantly as a function of self-declared gay/bisexual versus heterosexual orientation.…”

Section: Toward An Ebagh-informed Research Agendamentioning

confidence: 99%

Gonadal hormones: The men, the myths, and the legends.

Burris,

Knox

2024

Psychology of Men & Masculinities

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Gender is one of the most essentialized social categories, with putative differences between cisgender men and cisgender women often framed in biological terms. We propose that the consequences of inaccurate and widely held essentialist beliefs about gonadal hormones (EBAGHs) in particular-that is, that androgens signify "men" and estrogens signify "not-men"-have yet to be fully appreciated. For example, placebo effects such as increased strength, sexual desire, and irritability have been documented for the androgen testosterone. Accumulating research also suggests that lay understandings exaggerate the causal importance of testosterone in men's aggression. Consequently, testosterone is often either eschewed (i.e., men are "poisoned" by it) or enshrined ("more is good, less is bad"). Moreover, the efficacy-bolstering role of estrogens such as estradiol across the physical, cognitive, and sexual health domains for men has been downplayed or ignored by those who assert pejorative links between estrogen and weakness or effeminacy. Critically, EBAGHs may fuel "hypermasculine" behaviors such as excessive red meat consumption, problematic alcohol intake, and anabolic steroid misuse as well as treatment seeking for "low T" in the absence of proper medical diagnosis-which can all, ironically, result in disrupting men's optimal hormonal balance. Implications of our analysis for research (e.g., EBAGHs as predictors men's health behaviors, use of bogus "hormonal profiles" to induce or assuage threats to masculinity in experimental studies) and interventions (e.g., "hormone education" to offset the adverse effects of EBAGHs) are discussed. Public Significance StatementInaccurate beliefs about gonadal hormones may cause testosterone to be either valued or devalued-and estrogen to be portrayed as the enemy-in men. Such beliefs may contribute to hypermasculine behaviors, poor diet, misguided health care, and other negative outcomes for men. Biologically accurate hormone education may therefore have beneficial consequences for men's self-perception, perception by others, and overall well-being.

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Section: Toward An Ebagh-informed Research Agendamentioning

confidence: 99%

Gonadal hormones: The men, the myths, and the legends.

Burris,

Knox

2024

Psychology of Men & Masculinities

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Examining the Fraternal Birth Order Effect and Sexual Orientation: Insights from an East European Population

Fořt,

Kunc,

Valentova

et al. 2024

Arch Sex Behav

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The development of human sexual orientation remains a complex and multifaceted subject. It is often studied but its origins continue to elude us. In this preregistered study, our primary objective was to demonstrate the fraternal birth order effect (FBOE), which assumes a higher prevalence of older brothers in gay men than in their straight counterparts and which has also been recently recorded in lesbian women. Our second aim was to explore any potential impact of the FBOE on anal-erotic role orientation (AERO), both in gay and straight men. Our study sample included 693 gay men, 843 straight men, 265 lesbian women, and 331 straight women from Czechia and Slovakia. Employing a conventionally parameterized logistic regression model, we substantiated the FBOE among both gay men (OR = 1.35 for maternal older brothers) and lesbian women (OR = 1.71). These outcomes were confirmed by a more nuanced parameterization recently proposed by Blanchard (2022). Nonmaternal older brothers did not exhibit a significant influence on their younger brothers’ sexual orientation. Contrary to some earlier reports, however, our data did not establish the FBOE as exclusive to gay men with the receptive AERO. Furthermore, our observations indicated a lower offspring count for mothers of gay men compared to mothers of straight men. Emphasizing the positive FBOE outcomes, we acknowledge the need for caution regarding the various options that can be used to estimate the familial influences on sexual orientation.

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RETRACTED: Sexual orientation, neuropsychiatric disorders and the neurotransmitters involved

Fernández‐Guasti

et al. 2021

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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To What Extent are Prenatal Androgens Involved in the Development of Male Homosexuality in Humans?

Cited by 4 publications

References 143 publications

Gonadal hormones: The men, the myths, and the legends.

Gonadal hormones: The men, the myths, and the legends.

Examining the Fraternal Birth Order Effect and Sexual Orientation: Insights from an East European Population

RETRACTED: Sexual orientation, neuropsychiatric disorders and the neurotransmitters involved

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