To what extent do wild apples in Kazakhstan retain their genetic integrity?

Omasheva, M.Y.; Flachowsky, Henryk; Ryabushkina, N. A.; Pozharskiy, Alexandr; Galiakparov, Nurbol; Hanke, Magda‐Viola

doi:10.1007/s11295-017-1134-z

Cited by 34 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Our data show that M. sieversii wild apple trees are affected by gene flow following the introduction of the domesticated apple trees in orchards near the natural apple forests of the Kazakh Tian Shan Mountains. Gene flow from M. domestica to M. sieversii had previously been suggested (Cornille et al 2012; Omasheva et al, 2017), and we reveal here the strong impact of the presence of orchards close to wild forests. Currently, gene flow appears to pose a less severe threat to M. sieversii than it does to M. sylvestris in Europe, where wild European crabapple tree populations display massive introgression from the cultivated apple tree, to the extent that the European wild species is considered as endangered (Cornille et al, 2015; Feurtey et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…In Central Asia, at the end of the 19th century, western European M. domestica apple varieties have been planted in orchards close to M. sieversii forests, leading to recent secondary contact between M. domestica and M. sieversii . A couple of studies have suggested the occurrence of gene flow from M. domestica to the Asian crabapple M. sieversii , although without investigating the contact sites that orchards represent (Cornille et al 2012; Omasheva et al, 2017). Such gene flow may affect the genetic integrity of M. sieversii , which would amplify the current threat on Asian wild-apple forest ecosystems, which are already endangered by forest destruction, M. sieversii being included in the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN Red List) as a vulnerable organism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The distribution areas of the two wild apple trees are shown at the bottom, indicating (1) the initial domestication in Asia (Cornille et al 2012), migration along the Silk Road (yellow full line) and (2) secondary gene flow between M. domestica and M. sylvestris in Europe (Cornille et al 2013; Feurtey et al 2017), followed by dispersion of modern cultivars worldwide (dashed yellow arrows). (3) A couple of previous studies have investigated the consequence of the secondary contact between the domesticated apple and its Asian progenitor in terms of gene flow from M. domestica to M. sieversii (Cornille et al 2012; 2012; Omasheva et al, 2017), and here we study the consequences of planting orchards in forest. B .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Asian wild apples threatened by gene flow from domesticated apples and by their pestified pathogen

Feurtey¹,

Guitton²,

Coquerel³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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1 7 1 8 1 9 3 1agricultural-type pathogen in wild forests. We detected a SNP predicting the ability of the 3 2 fungus to parasitize the different host populations, which induced an early stop codon in a 3 3 gene coding for a small secreted protein in the agricultural-type fungal population, thus 3 4 representing a putative avirulence gene which function loss would enable to parasitize 3 5 cultivated apples. Pathogenicity tests in fact revealed the pestification of V. inaequalis, with 3 6 higher virulence of the agricultural-type population on both wild and domesticated trees. Our 3 7 findings highlight the threat posed by cultivating a crop near its center of origin, with the 3 8invasion of a pestified pathogen on wild plants and introgression in the wild-type pathogen.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Asian wild apples threatened by gene flow from domesticated apples and by their pestified pathogen

Feurtey¹,

Guitton²,

Coquerel³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Samples from the lower part of the "Krutoye" population (Ms44), samples growing close to the carriageway (Ms33, Ms34, Ms36 -Ms38, Ms41 -Ms43) and only one sample from the population were mainly included Mushabay (Ms23). Similar results were obtained by Omasheva et al (2018) with the use of SSR markers, which confirm the probable hybridization in natural populations of wild apple trees with cultivars depending on the height of the given population.…”

Section: Issr-pcr Analysissupporting

confidence: 84%

“…The use of molecular methods enables the evaluation of the current state of the genetic diversity in this species, the genetic origin, and potential reintroduction in natural populations. Current studies of M. sieversii are of great importance both in natural populations (Zhang et al, 2007;Yan et al, 2008;Volk et al, 2009;Sitpaeva et al, 2016;Omasheva et al, 2017), and in artificial cenoses (Volk et al, 2005;Richards et al, 2009). Microsatellite (SSR) and inter-simple sequence repeat markers (ISSR) are widely used to detect DNA polymorphism and has become widespread in phylogenetic studies of apple trees and other plants (Gupta et al, 1994;Hokanson et al, 1998;Kutsev, 2009;Omasheva et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular-genetic analysis of Malus sieversii – comparison of Dzungarian populations in situ and ex situ

et al. 2019

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Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) M. Roem. is recognized as the ancestor of the cultivated apple tree. It has a valuable gene pool, and in the last decades, it becomes endangered in Kazakhstan. The genetic diversity of 13 clonevarieties of Sievers apple tree (Malus sieversii) of Dzungarian population from the introduction collection of the Main Botanical Garden in Almaty (Kazakhstan) and 31 samples from three natural populations were assessed using eight polymorphic ISSR markers. The phylogenetic relationship of the clone-varieties with the natural population was estimated using ribosomal (ITS) and chloroplast DNA (rps16 intron, trnL intron, trn L-trn F). The data revealed a high genetic diversity of various clones and samples of Sievers apple tree of the Dzungarian populations. As a result of phylogenetic and cluster analysis the studied clones and samples of M. sieversii from natural populations formed a cluster, samples of supposedly hybrid origin formed 2 clusters, and no clustering was detected depending on geographical distance. The data demonstrate that there is an active information exchange between the populations.

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Candidate genes and signatures of directional selection on fruit quality traits during apple domestication

Wedger

Schumann²,

Gross

2021

American J of Botany

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PREMISE During plant domestication, traits can be subject to a variety of types of selection, ranging from strong directional selection for traits such as seed or fruit size to diversifying selection for traits like color or flavor. These types of selection interact with other evolutionary processes including genetic bottlenecks and interspecific gene flow to generate different levels of genetic diversity across the genome and at target genes in domesticated lineages, but little is known about the impacts of these processes in perennial fruit crops. METHODS We used sequence capture by hybridization to examine patterns of diversity at a suite of candidate domestication and anonymous background genes in domesticated apple (Malus ×domestica) in comparison to its wild relatives Malus sieversii and Malus orientalis. RESULTS We found no change in average diversity at these candidate domestication genes across the three species. However, a subset of the genes did exhibit patterns of very high or very low diversity in M. ×domestica compared to its progenitor, M. sieversii. Of the genes with characterized function, the low‐diversity genes mainly contributed to fruit quality traits like color and flavor, predicted to be under conscious, directional selection relatively late in the domestication process, while the high‐diversity genes included a variety of functions. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these results are consistent with predictions based on the likely timing and nature of selection during domestication and open new avenues for understanding genes with high diversity in a perennial crop compared to its wild relatives.

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To what extent do wild apples in Kazakhstan retain their genetic integrity?

Cited by 34 publications

References 40 publications

Asian wild apples threatened by gene flow from domesticated apples and by their pestified pathogen

Asian wild apples threatened by gene flow from domesticated apples and by their pestified pathogen

Molecular-genetic analysis of Malus sieversii – comparison of Dzungarian populations in situ and ex situ

Candidate genes and signatures of directional selection on fruit quality traits during apple domestication

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