To What Extent is Academic Entrepreneurship Taken for Granted Within Research Universities?

Goldstein, Harvey A

doi:10.1057/hep.2009.16

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Likewise, Geiger's depiction of the university technology transfer complex reveals the growing presence of entrepreneurship advocates and support structures embedded across campuses. Although some evidence suggests academic entrepreneurship is not yet as taken for granted across institutions as commonly assumed (Goldstein, 2010), sprawling technology transfer complexes may very well accelerate the spread of student entrepreneurship and its legitimacy in non-business related fields.…”

Section: Changing Contexts and Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Third Stream, Fourth Mission: Perspectives on University Engagement with Economic Relevance

Kretz

Sá

2013

High Educ Policy

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Over the past three decades, university research activities have increasingly become organized towards external economic and social worlds. In this essay, we reflect on the observations and explanations made in papers published in Higher Education Policy on this topic, and discuss their contributions towards understanding university third stream activities. We build on this by considering the increased university support for student entrepreneurship that has pervaded higher education in the last several years and the implications of this trend for thinking about the economic relevancy of universities.

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Section: Changing Contexts and Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Third Stream, Fourth Mission: Perspectives on University Engagement with Economic Relevance

Kretz

Sá

2013

High Educ Policy

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“…Universities are left with the challenge to identify what combination of 'institutional policies' seeking to increase the volume and speed of flow of knowledge from universities to knowledge users, lead to higher rates of innovation and economic development, and meet the needs of policy, practice civil society communities, and contributes to open knowledge and free enquiry (Goldstein 2010: 13). Further, the interpretation and implementation of KE policies and strategies are influenced and conditioned by institutional values and culture of individual universities-missions, strategies, resources, and the nature of the institution's business (Kenney and Goe 2004;Vorley and Nelles 2008;Jongbloed and Zomer 2012) as well as individual academics' experiences, motivation, and perceptions of opportunities as well as barriers related to their academic work environment (Abreu et al 2009;Goldstein 2010; Olmos-Pen˜uela, Castro-Martinez and Manjarre´s-Henrı´quez 2010).…”

Section: Incentivizing Ke?-governance and Institutionalization Of Knomentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge exchange: A comparison of policies, strategies, and funding incentives in English and Scottish higher education

Kitagawa

Lightowler

2012

Research Evaluation

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Knowledge exchange (KE)/transfer is seen as priority areas for research and innovation policy development across many countries. What is distinctive over the past 30 years is the 'institutionalization' of KE between academic researchers within the higher education sector and knowledge users outside the sector, and more recently 'incentivization' of such activities at national and sub-national policy and at the institutional levels. Critically adopting the framework of Bozeman's 'Contingent Effectiveness Model' of technology transfer, this article develops analytical frameworks in order to examine the policy conditions and dynamics through which knowledge flows and interactions are promoted. Given the recent 'asymmetric' devolution processes of higher education, and the UK national research policy objectives and structures, a combination of different 'policy effectiveness models' are pursued in England and Scotland. We show that the two higher education funding councils, the Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) and the Scottish Funding Councils (SFC), act as 'policy transfer agent'-along with the set of relevant stakeholders, they have chosen different strategies for policy incentives and funding allocation mechanisms. One of the key challenges for each of the funding councils seems to be the establishment of criteria to distribute these funds across the sector. We discuss limits of supply side incentivization and suggest some alternative approaches by combining different policy effectiveness models and criteria.

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“…This work has examined 16 in more empirical detail how university-based scientists and organizations perceive and deal with the complexities of their changing environments. For example, scientists display varying attitudes concerning engagement with corporate or policy actors, ranging from advocating engagement to outright resistance (Goldstein, 2010;Holloway, 2015;Lam, 2010;Owen-Smith and Powell, 2002). What seems to account for the variety of attitudes among scientists is the fact that the current ecology of academic knowledge production is one of multiplying contradictory regimes, logics, or social worlds (for different takes on the theme of multiplicity, see Miller, 2001;Owen-Smith and Powell, 2002;Tuunainen, 2005b;Vallas and Kleinman, 2008).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Mundane Politics of ‘Security Research’

Möllers

2017

S&TS

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Since the late 20th century, Germany's federal science policy has shifted towards an emphasis on commercialization and/or applicability of academic research. University researchers working within such strategic funding schemes then have to balance commitments to their government commission, their research, and their academic careers, which can often be at odds with each other. Drawing on an ethnographic study of the development of a 'smart' video surveillance system, I analyze some of the strategies which have helped a government-funded, transdisciplinary group of researchers to navigate confl icting expectations from their government, academia, and the wider public in their everyday work. To varying degrees, they managed to align confl icting expectations from the government and their departments by tailoring research problems which were able to travel across diff erent social worlds. By drawing attention to work practices on the ground' , this article contributes ethnographic detail to the question of how researchers construct scientifi c problems under pressures to make their work relevant for societal and commercial purposes.Keywords: directed funding, commercialization, tailoring, boundary work, algorithms, surveillance technology 'Neoliberal technoscience' and directed research fundingSince 2007, the German Ministry for Education and Research has funded projects which are supposed to develop security technologies and procedures with a funding scheme called the "Security Research Program." The program has heavily emphasized the development of new surveillance technologies, such as those used to monitor urban spaces. Funding requirements for university researchers include the commitment to fi nding solutions to security problems, collaboration with small and medium enterprises, and the inclusion of social scientists or legal scholars. The research program's goal is to increase citizens' security through transdisciplinary research, and to strengthen the position of German companies on national and international markets by transferring the research to security products and services.Directed funding schemes like the Security Research Program can be situated in an ongoing debate on 'neoliberal technoscience' and the increasing commercialization and applicability of scientifi c research. As Lave, Mirowski, and Randalls (2010: 667) point out, cross-cutting features of 'neoliberal technoscience' include, among other Science & Technology Studies 30(2) Article 15Möllers things, the "rollback of public funding for universities" and "the separation of research and teaching missions, leading to rising numbers of temporary faculty." Particularly the rollback of long-term funding makes scientists more dependent on short-term directed funding schemes sponsored by industry or governments, and thus more amenable to the latter's demands to make their research relevant for societal or commercial purposes.However, it remains a subject of ongoing debate how and to what extent knowledge production is changing under condit...

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To What Extent is Academic Entrepreneurship Taken for Granted Within Research Universities?

Cited by 18 publications

References 17 publications

Third Stream, Fourth Mission: Perspectives on University Engagement with Economic Relevance

Third Stream, Fourth Mission: Perspectives on University Engagement with Economic Relevance

Knowledge exchange: A comparison of policies, strategies, and funding incentives in English and Scottish higher education

The Mundane Politics of ‘Security Research’

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