Tobacco addiction in the psychiatric population and in the general population

Abstract

Objective:To estimate the degree of tobacco addiction and identify independently associated factors by comparing the psychiatric population of secondary and tertiary care with the general population of the primary healthcare network. Method:This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study, conducted in a municipality of São Paulo, with 134 smokers of a Mental Health Outpatient Unit (MHOU), a Psychiatric Hospital (PH), and a Primary Healthcare Unit (PHU). Data were collected by means of individual interviews, recorded on a mobile device. Data were statistically processed using Stata/12 Results:Of the 134 participants, 54.5% were women. While 49.1% of the psychiatric population (MHOU/PH) had medium/high nicotine addiction, 58.3% of smokers of the general population had very low/low dependency. The Poisson regression model indicated a higher prevalence of smokers with high dependence among men (PR = 1.41), people aged 49 years or less (15 - 29 years, PR = 4.06, 30 - 39 PR = 2.96 years, 40 - 49 years PR = 1.84), with severe mental disorders (PR = 3.05), with anxiety disorders/other (PR = 3.98), and with high suicide risk (PR = 1.55). Conclusion:Nicotine dependence was greater in the psychiatric population than in the general population. The independent factors associated with severe dependence were sex, age group, diagnosis, and current risk of suicide. These results trigger reflection among nurses on the need to focus more attention on a neglected subject in mental health services.

Uso de tabaco em mulheres acompanhadas em um centro de atenção psicossocial

“…Difficulty in obtaining cigarettes leads some individuals with mental disorders to humiliating practices, such as stealing and smoking cigarette butts, which undermines their self-esteem and self-respect. (6) In relation to mental and behavioral disorders among the female tobacco-based product users investigated in this study, it was noted that most had been diagnosed with a mood disorder (53.5%), followed by schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders, corresponding to 26.7% of the sample.…”

“…Some patients recognized that relief from these symptoms was temporary, which led them to smoke a larger number of cigarettes. (6,18,22) Even though care for the mentally ill has improved in the last few decades, little progress has been made in relation to smoking in this population. Therefore, it is necessary to consolidate care networks that are able to recognize and offer care to combat tobacco use by people with mental disorders.…”

“…Some studies have reported higher depression scores, greater use of alcohol and more compulsive eating among women who smoke than among those who do not. (4)(5)(6) This behavior increases cigarette consumption and the risks nicotine dependence. (7) A multicenter study carried out with 2,475 patients to estimate the prevalence of tobacco use and the factors associated with it among psychiatric patients in Brazil found a prevalence of 52.7% of smokers.…”

Transtorno afetivo bipolar: determinantes sociais de saúde, adesão ao tratamento e distribuição espacial [Bipolar affective disorder: health social determinants, adherence to treatment and space distribution] [Trastorno afectivo bipolar: determinantes sociales de la salud, adherencia al tratamiento y distribución del espacio]

“…O tabagismo e o etilismo têm sido relacionados com a prevalência de várias doenças ou distúrbios. Pesquisas apontam um crescimento nas doenças crônicas devido ao crescimento do uso de tabaco e uso prejudicial do álcool, sedentarismo e alimentação inadequada 17 . A relação entre tabagismo e doenças mentais tem sido relatada por alguns autores 18,19 , mostrando associação entre consumo de tabaco, transtornos psiquiátricos e quadros psicopatológicos, como esquizofrenia e depressão maior.…”

Inova��o em pesquisa na enfermagem psiqui�trica: coleta de dados informatizada

“…Utilizando esse instrumento de coleta de dados, realizou-se um estudo epidemiológico descritivo-analítico, de corte transversal, com três grupos populacionais de uma cidade do interior paulista: P 1 -portadores de transtornos mentais do ambulatório de saúde mental (ASM), P 2portadores de transtornos mentais das unidades de agudos do hospital psiquiátrico (HP) e P 3população geral de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS). A amostra probabilística foi composta por 378 participantes, 126 em cada serviço (8) .…”