Tobacco and alcohol as risk factors for pancreatic cancer

Korc, Murray; Jeon, Christie Y.; Edderkaoui, Mouad; Pandol, Stephen J.; Petrov, Maxim S.

doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2017.09.001

Cited by 85 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Thus, PCLs may have the same risk factors with pancreatic cancer theoretically. Tobacco use, obesity, longstanding type 2 diabetes, and heavy use of alcohol are associated with significant increases in risk for pancreatic cancer . The smoking rate in China is much higher than in Western countries .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of pancreatic cystic lesions detected by magnetic resonance imaging in the Chinese population

Sun

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2019

J of Gastro and Hepatol

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Background and Aim Incidental pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) are being diagnosed more frequently. However, little is known about the prevalence of PCLs in the Chinese population. The aim of the study was to assess the crude prevalence of PCLs in individuals who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods Data from consecutive patients who underwent MRI without pancreatic indications were included. MRI images were reviewed for the presence of pancreatic cysts. The prevalence of PCLs and high‐risk PCLs in different gender and age groups was calculated. To assess the crude prevalence, the prevalence and demographic data were standardized on the basis of Chinese national population data in 2017. Results A total of 10 987 individuals were included (7344 men). Incidental PCLs were identified in 212 individual (128 men). The prevalence of PCLs was 1.93%, and PCLs were more often discovered in women (1.74% vs 2.31%, P = 0.043). Prevalence increased with age (r = 0.804, P < 0.001). The prevalence of high‐risk PCLs was 0.12% (n = 13). Gender predominance and age distribution showed no difference between high‐risk PCLs and low‐risk PCLs (P = 0.234 and P = 0.855), but cysts located in the pancreatic head were more likely to develop into high‐risk PCLs (P = 0.001). After data standardization, the crude prevalence of PCLs was 1.31%, and PCLs were more often discovered in women (1.11% vs 1.5%, P < 0.001). The crude prevalence of high‐risk PCLs was 0.07%. Conclusion Pancreatic cystic lesions in the Chinese population are not rare. The prevalence of PCLs increased with age and is higher in the female population. The prevalence of high‐risk PCLs should not be ignored.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tobacco use, obesity, longstanding type 2 diabetes, and heavy use of alcohol are associated with significant increases in risk for pancreatic cancer. [21][22][23][24] The smoking rate in China is much higher than in Western countries. 25,26 On the contrary, the obesity rate in China is much lower than in Western countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of pancreatic cystic lesions detected by magnetic resonance imaging in the Chinese population

Sun

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2019

J of Gastro and Hepatol

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“…40 The absence of data on other possible confounders, such as alcohol use, diabetes, physical activity, and dietary composition, is also a limitation. 37,[41][42][43][44][45][46] Smoking by itself also may interact with obesity to potentiate oxidative stress. 39 However, it has been demonstrated that SES (which was accounted for in our analysis) is strongly associated with smoking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…32,35,36 We did not have data on the smoking status of participants, and smoking is a well known risk factor for pancreatic cancer in a dose-dependent manner. 37,[41][42][43][44][45][46] Smoking by itself also may interact with obesity to potentiate oxidative stress. 40 The absence of data on other possible confounders, such as alcohol use, diabetes, physical activity, and dietary composition, is also a limitation.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent overweight and obesity and the risk for pancreatic cancer among men and women: a nationwide study of 1.79 million Israeli adolescents

Levi

Rottenberg

Twig

et al. 2018

Cancer

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BACKGROUND: There is growing concern regarding the impact of adolescent obesity on adult health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) in late adolescence and the incidence of pancreatic cancer during adulthood. METHODS: The authors analyzed a cohort of 1087,358 Israeli Jewish men and 707,212 Jewish women who underwent a compulsory physical examination between ages 16 and 19 years from 1967 to 2002. Pancreatic cancer incidence through December 31, 2012 was identified by linkage to the national cancer registry. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for pancreatic cancer according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) BMI percentiles at baseline. RESULTS: Over a median 23 year follow-up, 551 incident cases of pancreatic cancer cases occurred (423 men; 128 women). Compared with normal weight (5th to-<85th percentile), obesity (≥95th percentile) was associated with an increased risk of cancer among both men (HR, 3.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.52-5.34) and women (HR, 4.07; 95% CI, 1.78-9.29). Among men, compared with low-normal BMI (≥5th to <25th percentile), high-normal BMI (≥75th to <85th percentile) and overweight (85th to 95th percentile) also were associated with a higher risk for cancer(high-normal BMI: HR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.05-2.13; overweight: HR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.39-2.80). The estimated population-attributable fraction because of overweight and obesity was 10.9% (95% CI, 6.1%-15.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Men and women who were obese or overweight as adolescents are at an increased risk for subsequent pancreatic cancer. Cancer 2019;125:118-126.

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“…[31,32] Detailed radiotherapy or chemotherapy regimens were not available from the SEER database. In addition, other known risk factors for prognosis, such as family history [33], tobacco or alcohol [34] were also hard to obtain from the SEER database. Moreover, in this study, patients were randomly divided into two groups, 70% of them were used to construct and other 30% were used to validate the nomograms.…”

Section: Manuscript To Be Reviewedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #1 of "Nomograms for predicting overall survival and cancer-specific survival in young patients with pancreatic cancer in the US based on the SEER database (v0.2)"

2020

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Background: The incidence of young patients with pancreatic cancer (PC) is on the rise, and there is a lack of models that could effectively predict their prognosis. The purpose of this study was to construct nomograms for predicting the overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) of young patients with PC. Methods: PC patients younger than 50 years old from 2004 to 2015 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were selected and randomly divided into training set and validation set. Univariate and forward stepwise multivariate Cox analysis was used to determine the independent factors affecting OS. Fine and Gray competing risk regression model was used to determine the independent factors affecting CSS. We used significant variables in the training set to construct nomograms predicting prognosis. The discrimination and calibration power of models were evaluated by concordance index (C-index), calibration curve and 10-flod cross-validation. Results: 4,146 patients were selected. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that gender, race, grade, pathological types, AJCC stage and surgery were independent factors affecting OS. The C-index of the nomogram predicting OS in training and validation was 0.733 (average=0.731,95%CI=0.724-0.738) and 0.742 (95%CI=0.725-0.759), respectively. Competing risk analysis showed that primary site, pathological types, AJCC stage and surgery were independent factors affecting CSS. The C-index of the nomogram predicting CSS in training and validation set was 0.792 (average=0.765, 95%CI=0.742-0.788) and 0.776 (95%CI=0.773-0.779), respectively. C-index based on nomogram was better in training and validation set than that based on AJCC stage. Calibration curves showed that these nomograms could accurately predict the 1-, 3-and 5-year OS and CSS both in training set and validation set. Conclusions: The nomograms could effectively predict OS and CSS in young patients with PC, which help clinicians more accurately and quantitatively judge the prognosis of individual patients.

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Tobacco and alcohol as risk factors for pancreatic cancer

Cited by 85 publications

References 52 publications

Prevalence of pancreatic cystic lesions detected by magnetic resonance imaging in the Chinese population

Prevalence of pancreatic cystic lesions detected by magnetic resonance imaging in the Chinese population

Adolescent overweight and obesity and the risk for pancreatic cancer among men and women: a nationwide study of 1.79 million Israeli adolescents

Peer Review #1 of "Nomograms for predicting overall survival and cancer-specific survival in young patients with pancreatic cancer in the US based on the SEER database (v0.2)"

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