Tobacco and marijuana use and their association with serum prostate-specific antigen levels among African American men in Chicago

Press, David J.; Pierce, Brandon L.; Lauderdale, Diane S.; Aschebrook‐Kilfoy, Briseis; Gomez, Scarlett Lin; Hedeker, Donald; Wright, Nathaniel E; Fantus, Richard J.; Bettencourt, Luís M. A.; Ahsan, Habibul; Eggener, Scott E.

doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101174

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 73 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In relation to other published studies with conflicting find-ings: smoking has been found to both protect from [12][13][14] and favour [15] the appearance of BPH, in our study we found no relationship between cigarette consumption and PSA level. This is a very topical finding and is contrary to a recent publication that maintains that cigarette smoking is associated with a higher PSA [16].…”

Section: Concomitant Diseases and Conditionscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Impact of social and medical factors on routine clinical practice in prostate exams of asymptomatic males

Bravo-Grande¹,

Padilla‐Fernández²,

Flores-Fraile³

et al. 2021

JOMH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: To examine routine clinical practice in prostate health exams in asymptomatic males, and to identify which factors inﬂuence it. Materials and methods: Multicentre cross-sectional study in 1068 asymptomatic men aged 51-72. Groups: GA (n = 518): urban areas; GB (n = 550): rural areas. GA subgroups: GA1 (n = 364): prostate speciﬁc antigen (PSA) measured; GA2 (n = 154): PSA not measured. GB subgroups: GB1 (n = 346): PSA measured; GB2 (n = 204): PSA not measured. Variables: age, body mass index (BMI), digital rectal examination (DRE), PSA, prostate diagnosis, eating habits, physical exercise, marital status, number of children, occupational status, working hours, concomitant diseases and conditions, family history, attending physician. Descriptive statistics, Student's t-test, chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, ANOVA, Pearson and Spearman correlations were used. Results: Mean age 62.3 years (standard deviation: SD 5.12). Age in GA (60.89, SD 5.53) was lower than in GB (65.10, SD 5.03); age was higher in GA1 (61.22, SD 5.49) than in GA2 (59.04, SD 5.37). There was no difference in BMI between GA and GB. DRE: No exams were performed without prior PSA. No DRE were performed in GA; 11 (3.18%) were performed in GB1. GA1: 53 had PSA > 4 ng/mL, of whom 28 had no prostate disease, 17 had benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 8 had prostate cancer (PCa). PCa prevalence in men with PSA > 4 ng/mL was 9.24% in GA and 5.19% in GB. GA1: higher PSA was correlated with lower BMI, lower age, higher occupational status, and morning shifts; lower PSA was correlated with higher alcohol consumption; older patients worked shifts and consumed more alcohol; men with higher occupational status consumed less alcohol; more men were married in GA1 (n = 343, [94.23%]) than in GA2 (n = 100, [64.93%]). In GA1, there were more non-smoking men (n = 291, [80.11%]) and men who smoked < 5 cigarettes/day (n = 23, [6.37%]), 6-10 cigarettes/day (n = 15, [4.05%]), and 11.20 cigarettes/day (n = 27, [7.33%]) than in GA2. Older men and men with higher occupational status consumed fewer cigarettes. Men who worked rotating shifts smoked more. There was no relationship between smoking and PSA level. There were more university-educated men in GA (n = 309, [59.65%]) than in GB (n = 110, [20%]). More men did not take physical exercise in GA2 (n = 49, [31.81%]) than in GA1 (n = 75, [23.90%]). GB1: PSA > 4 ng/mL in 89 patients, of whom 32 had PCa; younger men had higher PSA. PSA was higher in GB1 (mean 18.95 ng/mL, SD 12.93) than in GA1 (mean 1.61, SD 1.63). Men in GB ate more fast food than GA, with no difference between GA1 and GA2, or between GB1 and GB2. In GA there was variability in approach among the attending physicians; in GB there was no variability among attending physicians. Conclusions: PSA tests are routinely given to 70.27% of asymptomatic men who consult a doctor in urban environments and to 62.09% of men in rural environments. In urban areas, the decision is affected by the preferences of the attending physician and by whether the patient is married. Occupational category, working hours and educational level have no impact. The decision to undergo a prostate health exam is associated with healthy habits such as physical exercise. No relationship was found between prostate disorders in asymptomatic men and high BMI, dyslipidemia or diet.

show abstract

Section: Concomitant Diseases and Conditionscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Impact of social and medical factors on routine clinical practice in prostate exams of asymptomatic males

Bravo-Grande¹,

Padilla‐Fernández²,

Flores-Fraile³

et al. 2021

JOMH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Of greater prevalence in the literature were observational studies that either evaluated associations with any cannabis use (i.e., medical or non-medical; n = 14 studies) or that didn't report the type of use (n = 28 studies), with more than half of these studies analyzing large national survey data (i.e., the older general public). In studies of the older general public, no significant associations with beneficial physical or mental health outcomes were reported from adjusted analyses, except possibly reduced future incidence of head/neck [129] and prostate cancers [143]. As illustrated in our bubble plots, associations with harmful physical and mental health outcomes greatly outnumbered beneficial outcomes in RCTs and in adjusted analyses reported in cohort studies.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 59%

“…Associations of cannabis use with cancer were assessed in two case-control [129,147] and one cross-sectional [143] studies. Cannabis use was reported to have a significant negative association with two forms of cancer (i.e., cannabis use was lower in those diagnosed with cancer): head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (non-medical use; case-control study) [129] and prostate cancer in older African American men, diagnosed with prostate-specific antigen levels (use type not reported; cross-sectional study; n = 644) [143]. A second case-control study found non-medical use of hashish/kiff trended toward a positive association with diagnoses of lung cancer (i.e., more incident cases of lung cancer), but the effect did not reach statistical significance [147].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of medical and non-medical cannabis on the health of older adults: Findings from a scoping review of the literature

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Cannabis legalization has enabled increased consumption in older adults. Age-related mental, physical, and physiological changes may lead to differences in effects of cannabis in older adults compared to younger individuals. Objective To perform a scoping review to map the evidence regarding the health effects of cannabis use for medical and non-medical purposes in older adults. Methods Electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library) were searched for systematic reviews (SRs), randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized/observational studies (NRSs) assessing the health effects and associations of cannabis use (medical or non-medical) in adults ≥ 50 years of age. Included studies met age-related inclusion criteria or involved a priori identified health conditions common among older adults. Records were screened using a liberal accelerated approach and data charting was performed independently by two reviewers. Descriptive summaries, structured tables, effect direction plots and bubble plots were used to synthesize study findings. Findings From 31,393 citations, 133 publications describing 134 unique studies (26 SRs, 36 RCTs, 72 NRSs) were included. Medical cannabis had inconsistent therapeutic effects in specific patient conditions (e.g., end-stage cancer, dementia), with a number of studies suggesting possible benefits while others found no benefit. For medical cannabis, harmful associations outnumbered beneficial, and RCTs reported more negative effects than NRSs. Cannabis use was associated with greater frequencies of depression, anxiety, cognitive impairment, substance use and problematic substance use, accidents/injuries, and acute healthcare use. Studies often were small, did not consistently assess harms, and did not adjust for confounding. Discussion The effects of medical cannabis are inconsistent within specific patient conditions. For older adults, generally, the available evidence suggests cannabis use may be associated with greater frequencies of mental health issues, substance use, and acute healthcare use, and the benefit-to-risk ratio is unclear. Studies with a balanced assessment of benefits and harms may guide appropriate public health messaging to balance the marketing pressures of cannabis to older adults.

show abstract

“…Cannabinoids are naturally occurring compounds found in the Cannabis sativa plant and are classified into three categories based on their origin: plant-derived cannabinoids such as ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9-THC), endocannabinoids and synthetic molecules that mimic the structure of either plant or mammalian cannabinoids. More than 120 phytocannabinoid entities are found in cannabis plant extracts, with the main clinical interest being cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) [4][5][6][7]. In recent years, cannabinoids have gained more interest in treating side effects associated with chemotherapy, such as nausea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabidiol and Cannabis Sativa as a potential treatment in vitro prostate cancer cells silenced with RBBp6 and PC3 xenograft

2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Prostate cancer is the second most frequently occurring carcinoma in males worldwide and one of the leading causes of death in men around the world. Recent studies estimate that over 1.4 million males are diagnosed with prostate cancer on an annual basis, with approximately 375,000 succumbing to the disease annually. With current treatments continuing to show severe side effects, there is a need for new treatments. In this study we looked at the effect of cannabis sativa extract, cannabidiol and cisplatin on prostate cancer cells, PC3. Methods In addressing the above questions, we employed the MTT assay to measure the antiproliferative effect on PC3 cells following treatment with varying concentrations of Cannabis sativa extract, cisplatin and cannabidiol. xCELLigence was also used to confirm the IC50 activity in which cells were grown in a 16 well plate coated with gold and monitor cell attachment. Caspase 3/7 activity was also measured using 96 well-plate following treatment. Western-blot and qRT-PCR was also used to measure the gene expression of tumour suppressor genes, p53, Bax and Bcl2. Animal studies were employed to measure the growth of PC3-mouse derived cancer to evaluate the effect of compounds in vivo. Results From the treatment with varying concentrations of Cannabis sativa extract, cannabidiol and cisplatin, we have observed that the three compounds induced antiproliferation of PC3 cancer cell lines through the activation of caspase 3/7 activity. We also observed induction of apoptosis in these cells following silencing of retinoblastoma binding protein 6 (RBBP6), with upregulation of p53 and bax mRNA expression, and a reduction in Bcl2 gene expression. The growth of tumours in the mouse models were reduced following treatment with cisplatin and cannabidiol. Conclusion We demonstrated that cannabidiol is a viable therapy to treat prostate cancer cells, in combination with silencing of RBBP6. This suggests that cannabidiol rather Cannabis sativa extract may play an important role in reducing cancer progression.

show abstract

Tobacco and marijuana use and their association with serum prostate-specific antigen levels among African American men in Chicago

Cited by 9 publications

References 73 publications

Impact of social and medical factors on routine clinical practice in prostate exams of asymptomatic males

Impact of social and medical factors on routine clinical practice in prostate exams of asymptomatic males

Impacts of medical and non-medical cannabis on the health of older adults: Findings from a scoping review of the literature

Cannabidiol and Cannabis Sativa as a potential treatment in vitro prostate cancer cells silenced with RBBp6 and PC3 xenograft

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About