Tobacco and occupation as risk factors in bladder cancer: A case‐control study in southern belgium

Schifflers, E; Jamart, Jacques; Renard, Véronique

doi:10.1002/ijc.2910390304

Cited by 65 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Bladder cancer risk also tends to increase with increasing intensity of smoking. However, the shape of the dose-response curve has varied across studies, with some reporting little change in risk from moderate to heavy smoking levels (3,6,(16)(17)(18)(19)(35)(36)(37), which is consistent with our findings. The plateauing of the dose-response curve may be because heavy smokers may inhale proportionately less than light smokers, causing a leveling off of exposure.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Smoking and Bladder Cancer in Spain: Effects of Tobacco Type, Timing, Environmental Tobacco Smoke, and Gender

Samanic

Kogevinas

Dosemeci

et al. 2006

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

157

122

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We examined the effects of dose, type of tobacco, cessation, inhalation, and environmental tobacco smoke exposure on bladder cancer risk among 1,219 patients with newly diagnosed bladder cancer and 1,271 controls recruited from 18 hospitals in Spain. We used unconditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the association between bladder cancer risk and various characteristics of cigarette smoking. Current smokers (men: OR, 7.4; 95% CI, 5.3-10.4; women: OR, 5.1; 95% CI, 1.6-16.4) and former smokers (men: OR, 3.8; 95% CI, 2.8-5.3; women: OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 0.5-7.2) had significantly increased risks of bladder cancer compared with nonsmokers. We observed a significant positive trend in risk with increasing duration and amount smoked. After adjustment for duration, risk was only 40% higher in smokers of black tobacco than that in smokers of blond tobacco (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 0.98-2.0). Compared with risk in current smokers, a significant inverse trend in risk with increasing time since quitting smoking blond tobacco was observed (z20 years cessation: OR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Smoking and Bladder Cancer in Spain: Effects of Tobacco Type, Timing, Environmental Tobacco Smoke, and Gender

Samanic

Kogevinas

Dosemeci

et al. 2006

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

157

122

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“…Interactions between these exposure factors have also been identified (13)(14)(15)(16). We compared the proportion of ever versus never smokers in both groups and found no difference (chi², p=0.12).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Actually the main professions in the region are tertiary or farming. In two studies also mining and metal industry have been related to an increased risk of bladder cancer (14,23). Both have been major industries within the province, but outside the cluster region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geographical differences in cancer incidence in the Belgian province of Limburg

Buntinx¹,

Geys²,

Lousbergh³

et al. 2003

European Journal of Cancer

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“…In countries where a long history of cigarette consumption exists, the proportion of bladder cancers attributed to this risk factor is estimated to be about 50% for men and 30% for women (1)(2)(3). The relative risk for bladder cancer among cigarette smokers ranges in most reports from 1.5-to 3.0-fold higher than among nonsmokers, with higher values reported in certain populations (4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemoglobin adducts of aromatic amines: associations with smoking status and type of tobacco.

Bryant

Víneis

Skipper

et al. 1988

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

169

117

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Hemoglobin adducts of 15 aromatic amines were determined in nonsmokers and smokers of blond-or black-tobacco cigarettes living in Turin, Italy. The subjects were all males age 55 or less and were representative of the population previously examined in a case/control study of bladder cancer. 4-Aminobiphenyl adduct levels were found to be significantly different in the three groups, and the differences were approximately proportional to the relative risk of each group. Adjustment for age and cigarette consumption did not materially influence the differences. A significant correlation of adduct levels with cigarette consumption was also observed for all smokers as well as for smokers of blond tobacco. Other amines for which significant differences between smokers and nonsmokers were observed were 3-aminobiphenyl, 2-naphthylamine, o-and p-toluidine, 2,4-dimethylaniline, and 2-ethylaniline. Some of these amines are human bladder carcinogens, and their occurrence in blood as hemoglobin adducts is evidence for their metabolic activation. Thus, by a combination of traditional epidemiological methods and modern chemical analyses, we have provided evidence for a biochemical basis for the often observed association between cigarette smoking and bladder cancer.Cigarette smoking is a major cause of cancer of the urinary bladder. In countries where a long history of cigarette consumption exists, the proportion of bladder cancers attributed to this risk factor is estimated to be about 50% for men and 30% for women (1-3). The relative risk for bladder cancer among cigarette smokers ranges in most reports from 1.5-to 3.0-fold higher than among nonsmokers, with higher values reported in certain populations (4). It has been hypothesized that the carcinogenicity of tobacco smoke for the bladder may be due to the presence of various aromatic amines, including the known human bladder carcinogens 4-aminobiphenyl and 2-naphthylamine (5).Current evidence indicates that aromatic amines exert their carcinogenic effects on the bladder only after a number of metabolic and distribution steps. The critical activation to an electrophilic intermediate is effected in the liver through N-hydroxylation of the parent amine to the hydroxylamine. This is followed by transport to the bladder, where reaction with DNA is thought to initiate tumorigenesis (6-8). We have developed and reported (9-11) a method to quantify the timeweighted average hydroxylamine production over a period of several months from exposure to environmental aromatic amines. The technique depends upon measurement of the covalent sulfinamide adduct of the 83-chain cysteine-93 residue formed by interaction of aromatic hydroxylamines with hemoglobin. Although stable in vivo, this adduct can be broken down in vitro to regenerate the parent amine and a hemoglobin molecule containing cysteine sulfinic acid. Accurate and sensitive quantification of the adduct is accomplished by mass spectrometric analysis of the regenerated amines after separation by gas chromatography. Previous s...

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Tobacco and occupation as risk factors in bladder cancer: A case‐control study in southern belgium

Cited by 65 publications

References 21 publications

Smoking and Bladder Cancer in Spain: Effects of Tobacco Type, Timing, Environmental Tobacco Smoke, and Gender

Smoking and Bladder Cancer in Spain: Effects of Tobacco Type, Timing, Environmental Tobacco Smoke, and Gender

Geographical differences in cancer incidence in the Belgian province of Limburg

Hemoglobin adducts of aromatic amines: associations with smoking status and type of tobacco.

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