Tobacco and other occupational exposures among hookah bar workers

Al-faham, Zaid; LeBouf, Ryan F.; Nett, Randall J.

doi:10.1002/ajim.22829

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…10,24 A total of 206 chemical compounds were identified, with the most studied compounds being benzo[a]pyrene 9,19,24,27 and CO. 19,21,24,27,28 For benzo[a]pyrene, a PAH, the highest reported level was 307 + 20 ng per session, 9 whereas the highest reported level of CO was 367 + 9 mg per session. 24 9,24,27 phenol, 17,20,22 and benzyl alcohol. 11,18,22 Additionally, nicotine level was reported in 3 studies, 18,17,24 with the highest level being 7.75 + 5.1 mg per session.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…24 9,24,27 phenol, 17,20,22 and benzyl alcohol. 11,18,22 Additionally, nicotine level was reported in 3 studies, 18,17,24 with the highest level being 7.75 + 5.1 mg per session. 23 In addition, benzaldehyde 10,11,18 and formaldehyde 10,19,26 reported levels were 293 + 15 mg/g per session 11 and 630 + 133 mg per session, 26 respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 In a review conducted to study the impact of occupational exposures among waterpipe bar workers, occupational exposure to waterpipe smoke was found to be associated with health complications and can lead to CO poisoning. 17 This systematic review addresses this gap in the existing literature by providing comprehensive insight into the types and depth of the scientific literature on waterpipe tobacco smoke chemical content, its genotoxic effects, and waterpipe device microbial contamination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Waterpipe Tobacco Chemical Content, Microbial Contamination, and Genotoxic Effects: A Systematic Review

et al. 2020

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The spread of tobacco smoking has increased over time at the global and national levels. One of the widely spread tobacco products is waterpipe. Recent studies showed that waterpipe tobacco smoke contains toxic substances, including carbon monoxide and nicotine. Some of them are genotoxic carcinogen, such as formaldehyde. This study aims to provide comprehensive insight into the types and depth of the scientific literature on waterpipe tobacco smoke chemical content, its genotoxic effects, and waterpipe device microbial contamination. We conducted a systematic comprehensive review of articles published between 1986 and December 2018. Primary research articles focusing on the content of waterpipe smoke, including chemical, genotoxic, and microbial contaminants, were eligible for inclusion. Of the 1,286 studies generated, 22 studies were included. Twenty-three chemical families were extracted from waterpipe smoke. Aldehydes were the most identified chemical family in 6 studies, and next is polycyclic hydrocarbons, found in 5 studies. About 206 chemical compounds were identified. Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, coagulase-negative Staphylococci, and Streptococcus were the most abundant pathogen contaminants. Waterpipe smoke had elevated levels of many DNA damage markers (8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine and cytochrome P450 1A1) and inhibited levels of many DNA repair genes ( OGG1 and XRCC1) in waterpipe smokers. Waterpipe smoke is associated with the genotoxic effect, which elevates the levels of many DNA damage markers and inhibits the levels of many DNA repair genes. In addition, waterpipe smoking can expose smokers to a range of pathogenic bacteria.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Waterpipe Tobacco Chemical Content, Microbial Contamination, and Genotoxic Effects: A Systematic Review

et al. 2020

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“…Overexposure to CO has been assessed as an occupational issue among the employees of hookah cafes [11][12][13][14][15]. Not surprisingly, these studies have shown, through atmospheric and biomonitoring, that CO exposure is elevated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking practices in relation to exhaled carbon monoxide in an occupational cohort

et al. 2020

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Background Exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) remains a leading occupational hazard in firefighters, but cigarette and waterpipe smoking likely contributes to the other sources of CO in such workers. The aim of this study was to estimate the contribution of self-reported active cigarette smoking, waterpipe use, and potential job-related sources of CO to the level of exhaled CO in firefighters. Methods We surveyed the personnel of 18 fire stations (N = 842), median age 28 years, who participated at an annual screening not timed to coincide with recent firefighting. We surveyed smoking and waterpipe history, exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS), use of coal for health and biomass for cooking and time since last exposure to firefighting in the workplace. We measured exhaled CO with an instantaneous reading device (piCO Smokerlyzer). We used multivariable regression models to test the association of time since last smoked cigarette (≤12 h) and waterpipe (≤12 h) and time since last fire (≤6 h) with exhaled CO. Results In analysis limited to men (93.5% of all surveyed), 42% were daily cigarette; 1% were waterpipe smokers; 94% were exposed to SHS, 29% used coal for heating and 4% used biomass for cooking. The median CO was 4 (interquartile range 3;8) ppm. Age (beta 0.74 per 10 years, p < 0.001), use of biomass fuel for cooking (beta 1.38, p = 0.05), cigarette smoked in the last 12 h (beta 8.22, p < 0.001), waterpipe smoked in the last 12 h (beta 23.10, p < 0.001) were statistically associated with CO, but not time since last fire (≤6 h) (beta 4.12, p = 0.12). There was a significant interaction between older age and firefighting for exhaled CO (p = 0.03). Conclusions Cigarette and recent waterpipe smoking are associated with increased exhaled CO in firefighters. Firefighting itself was a less potent contributor to exhaled CO when measured at an annual screening, but an age interaction was manifested.

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