Tobacco Consumption during Pregnancy and Its Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Maternal smoking is known to pose risks to both baby and mother affecting aspects from fertility and pregnancy outcome to fetal and child development. Objective: To study the prevalence of maternal smoking globally and its adverse pregnancy outcomes. Materials and methods: Health sciences electronic databases PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for studies published between 2006 to March 2020. Keywords used for the search were (“tobacco”), ("maternal smoking"), ("effects of maternal smoking") and (“globally”). A total of 29 articles were included in the review based on the eligibility criteria. Statistical software SPSS-V.23 was used for the statistical application. Result: A total of 29 studies met the inclusion criteria with a total of 11,34,769 women, age ranged from 12-45 years and above. Maternal smoking was reported by 22.26% women. Those women who reside in rural areas, illiterate, homemaker, from low economic status and whose husband smoke have higher maternal smoking prevalence and its adverse pregnancy outcomes were reported as 23.27% low maternal weight, 62.46% anaemic mother, 8.76% low birth weight, 12.86% preterm birth, 79% low birth length and 15.77% obesity among children. Conclusion: Maternal tobacco use in any form increases risk of ill effects on mother and child health. Tobacco cessation during pregnancy is necessary to reduce morbidity and mortality related to tobacco use. Key words: Maternal smoking, cigarette, smokeless tobacco, prevalence, effects of maternal smoking, Globally.