Tobacco control legislation in India: Past and present

Mehrotra, Ravi; Mehrotra, Vikas; Jandoo, Tarveen

doi:10.4103/0019-509x.63870

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Thus, local public health action on smoking might help reduce alcohol consumption, and vice versa. Tobacco and alcohol control is currently implemented at the state level [6], [16], and thus reliable monitoring of changes in consumption patterns and complementarities between cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking at the district level is required to enable effective control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geospatial Analysis on the Distributions of Tobacco Smoking and Alcohol Drinking in India

Jha

Gupta

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundTobacco smoking and binge alcohol drinking are two of the leading risk factors for premature mortality worldwide. In India, studies have examined the geographic distributions of tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking only at the state-level; sub-state variations and the spatial association between the two consumptions are poorly understood.MethodologyWe used data from the Special Fertility and Mortality Survey conducted in 1998 to examine the geographic distributions of tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking at the district and postal code levels. We used kriging interpolation to generate smoking and drinking distributions at the postal code level. We also examined spatial autocorrelations and identified spatial clusters of high and low prevalence of smoking and drinking. Finally, we used bivariate analyses to examine the spatial correlations between smoking and drinking, and between cigarette and bidi smoking.ResultsThere was a high prevalence of any smoking in the central and northeastern states, and a high prevalence of any drinking in Himachal Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, and eastern Madhya Pradesh. Spatial clusters of early smoking (started smoking before age 20) were identified in the central states. Cigarette and bidi smoking showed distinctly different geographic patterns, with high levels of cigarette smoking in the northeastern states and high levels of bidi smoking in the central states. The geographic pattern of bidi smoking was similar to early smoking. Cigarette smoking was spatially associated with any drinking. Smoking prevalences in 1998 were correlated with prevalences in 2004 at the district level and 2010 at the state level.ConclusionThese results along with earlier evidence on the complementarities between tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking suggest that local public health action on smoking might also help to reduce alcohol consumption, and vice versa. Surveys that properly represent tobacco and alcohol consumptions at the district level are recommended.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 Indian states have populations greater than 25 million [15]). Implementation of tobacco and alcohol control policies is the responsibility of the state government [6], [16], thus studying the distributions of tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking as well as their spatial association at the sub-state level is desirable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geospatial Analysis on the Distributions of Tobacco Smoking and Alcohol Drinking in India

Jha

Gupta

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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“…The precursors were used as received without further purification. EGMS was prepared from TEOS and ethylene glycol based on the work of Mehrotra et al [9][10][11][12]. The detailed experimental procedures are described below.…”

Section: Sol-gel Encapsulation Of G6pdhmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immobilization of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase in silica-based hydrogels: A comparative study

Cumana

Simons

Liese

et al. 2013

Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic

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“…The modification of the organosilane with ethylene glycol was performed according to a transesterification reaction earlier described by Mehrotra and Narain [21]. However, some changes in the synthesis of the modified ethane-bridged silane were necessary.…”

Section: Materials and Experimentalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, hydrolysis occurs very rapidly and a homogeneous sol is quickly prepared even in the presence of other components such as surfactants. The first of these precursors was obtained by a transesterification reaction of tetraethoxysilane with ethylene glycol [21]. Short chain alcohols, such as methanol or ethanol, which are released through hydrolysis of conventional sol-gel precursors, are well known to strongly influence the phase diagram of poly (ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) copolymer/water mixtures because of the different polarity compared to water and better compatibility to the poly (propylene oxide)-block [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organosilica Monoliths with Multiscale Porosity: Detailed Investigation of the Influence of the Surfactant on Structure Formation

Weinberger

Fröschl²,

Puchegger

et al. 2009

Silicon

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Monolithic inorganic-organic hybrid materials have been synthesized via sol-gel processing of an ethylene glycol-modified ethane-bridged silane precursor in aqueous solution of the non-ionic block copolymer Pluronic™ P123. The resulting materials consist of macroporous networks comprising periodically arranged mesopores, where the macropore size as well as the morphology of the material can be deliberately tailored by reducing the amount of the block copolymer template. The structure for sols prepared from different compositions was investigated by small-angle X-ray scattering as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Information on the porosity, surface area and pore size distribution were obtained from BET/BJH analysis and mercury intrusion measurements. For a more detailed insight into mechanism and kinetics of the mesostructure formation, in-situ SAXS experiments were carried out.

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Tobacco control legislation in India: Past and present

Cited by 22 publications

References 7 publications

Geospatial Analysis on the Distributions of Tobacco Smoking and Alcohol Drinking in India

Geospatial Analysis on the Distributions of Tobacco Smoking and Alcohol Drinking in India

Immobilization of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase in silica-based hydrogels: A comparative study

Organosilica Monoliths with Multiscale Porosity: Detailed Investigation of the Influence of the Surfactant on Structure Formation

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