Tobacco retail density: still the new frontier in tobacco control

Freeman, Becky; Burton, Suzan

doi:10.5694/mja17.01239

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Globally, tobacco control measures focusing on reducing the demand for tobacco products have been progressing well, yet limited action has been taken on the supply side 1,2 . Tobacco retailers are essential players in the tobacco industry marketing chain, where the four items of marketing — product, place, price, and promotion — occur in one convenient place.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette retailer density around schools and neighbourhoods in Bali, Indonesia: A GIS mapping

Astuti¹,

Mulyawan²,

Sebayang³

et al. 2019

Tob. Induc. Dis.

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INTRODUCTIONThe presence and density of tobacco retailers is associated with the perception of high availability of cigarettes and ease of purchase. Indonesia is the second largest cigarette market in the world with an increasing smoking rate among young people aged 10–18 years. Our study aims to assess density of cigarette outlets in neighbourhoods and around schools, and to evaluate correlation between retailer proximity to schools and retailer selling practices.METHODSWe conducted a geographical mapping and then an audit survey of 1000 randomly selected cigarette retailers in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. We measured neighbourhood retailer density, and retailer proximity to schools. We linked the coordinate data to the audit data to assess the association between retailer distance from schools with likelihood of selling tobacco to young people and selling single cigarette sticks.RESULTSWe mapped 4114 cigarette retailers in Denpasar, the most common type was a kiosk, 3199 (77.8%), followed by mini market/convenience stores, 606 (14.7%). Retailer density was 32.2/km2 and 4.6/1000 population. We found that 37 (9.7 %) of the 379 schools in Denpasar have at least one cigarette retailer within a 25 m radius and 367 (96.8%) within a 250 m radius. Of the 485 audited retailers within a 250 m radius of a school, 281 (57.9%) admitted selling cigarettes to young people and 325 (67.0%) sold cigarettes as single sticks. Cigarette retailers were less likely to sell cigarettes to young people based on distance from schools, but this was only significant at the furthest distance of more than 500 m from schools.CONCLUSIONSIn an unregulated retailer setting such as Indonesia, cigarette retailers are ubiquitous and selling to young people is commonplace. The Indonesian government should enforce the prohibition on selling to young people and should regulate cigarette retailers to reduce youth access to cigarettes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette retailer density around schools and neighbourhoods in Bali, Indonesia: A GIS mapping

Astuti¹,

Mulyawan²,

Sebayang³

et al. 2019

Tob. Induc. Dis.

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“…Introducing incentives that encourage retailers to stop selling tobacco, such as a subsidized program to help them sell more fresh fruit and vegetables, is a suggested policy to reduce tobacco retail density ( 4 ). A successful example to such policy is passing the San Francisco‘s Tobacco Retail Density Policy after the adoption of the Healthy Retail San Francisco ordinance which helped corner stores in shifting to the business of fresh and healthy affordable food.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies show the effects of regulation of the retail environment in influencing overall tobacco purchases, and there is strong evidence that having fewer retails reduces the level of impulse purchasing of cigarettes and tobacco goods ( 4 ). For example, a Canadian study found that one-third of smokers would smoke less if they had to travel further to buy cigarettes, especially younger smokers ( 57 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of these include restrictions on the numbers, location, and opening hours of tobacco retail outlets; restricting the amount of tobacco purchased by smokers over a given time; and loss of retail license following breaches of any of the conditions. Tobacco control experts have suggested that such policies are the new frontier in tobacco control with huge potential role in fighting the epidemic ( 4 ). Unlike regulation of pharmaceuticals and many other goods and services that have been subjected to a wide variety of restrictions, there is a lack of information and resources about restricting tobacco availability through regulation of the tobacco retail environment ( 5 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Policies regulating retail environment to reduce tobacco availability: A scoping review

Alebshehy

Asif²,

Boeckmann³

2023

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundIn 2005, the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) entered into force. This treaty was developed in response to the global tobacco epidemic, and it includes measures to reduce both demand for and supply of tobacco. The measures related to demand reduction include raising tax, providing cessation services, promoting smoke free public places, banning advertising, and raising awareness. However, there are a limited number of measures for supply reduction, and these mainly include fighting illicit trade, banning sales to minors and providing alternatives to tobacco workers and growers. Unlike regulation of many other goods and services that have been subjected to retail restrictions, there is a lack of resources about restricting tobacco availability through regulation of tobacco retail environment. Considering the potential of retail environment regulations in reducing tobacco supply and consequently reducing tobacco use, this scoping review aims to identify relevant measures.MethodsThis review examines interventions, policies, and legislations to regulate tobacco retail environment to reduce tobacco availability. This was done by searching the WHO FCTC and its Conference of Parties decisions, a gray literature search including tobacco control databases, a scoping communication with the Focal Points of the 182 WHO FCTC Parties, and a databases search in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Global Health, and Web of Science.ResultsThemes of policies were identified to reduce tobacco availability by regulating retail environment: four WHO FCTC and twelve non-WHO FCTC policies. The WHO FCTC policies included requiring a license to sell tobacco, banning tobacco sale via vending machines, promoting economically alternative activities to individual sellers, and banning ways of sale that constitute a way of advertising, promotion, and sponsorships. The Non-WHO FCTC policies included banning tobacco home delivery, tray sale, tobacco retail outlets in or within a minimum distance from specific facilities, sale in specific retail outlets, and sale of tobacco or one or more of its products, in addition to restricting tobacco retail outlets per density of population and per geographic area, capping the tobacco amount allowed per purchase, limiting the number of hours or days in which tobacco can be sold, requiring a minimum distance between tobacco retailers, reducing tobacco products availability and proximity within a retail outlet, and restricting sale to government controlled outlets.Discussion and conclusionStudies show the effects of regulation of the retail environment in influencing overall tobacco purchases, and there is evidence that having fewer retails reduces the level of impulse purchasing of cigarettes and tobacco goods. The measures covered by WHO FCTC are much more implemented than ones not covered by it. Although not all widely implemented, many themes of limiting tobacco availability by regulating tobacco retail environment are available. Further studies to explore such measures and the adoption of the effective ones under the WHO FCTC decisions, could possibly increase their implementation globally to reduce tobacco availability.

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“…In contrast to the progress made in other areas of tobacco control, the continued widespread retail availability of tobacco products in Australia is a barrier to cessation 2 3 and undermines efforts to denormalise tobacco use. 4 Although Australia has a comparatively low prevalence of daily smoking among the general population (9.3%), 5 this masks substantial discrepancies across the population. People from lower socioeconomic areas are more likely to use tobacco products, with a prevalence of 18.9% in the most disadvantaged areas of Western Australia (WA) compared with 7.2% in the most advantaged.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco mythbusting—tobacco is not a major driver of foot traffic in low socio-economic small retail stores

Gazey

2021

Tob Control

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BackgroundOne of the opposing arguments to restricting or banning the sale of tobacco products stem from a perception that this would adversely impact on small retail stores that rely on tobacco sales for viability. It has also been argued that purchases of tobacco leads to unplanned purchasing of other items that yield income for small store owners. This study tested the veracity of these arguments in the Australian context.MethodsConsumer intercept surveys (n=1487) were conducted outside a comprehensive sample of small stores (n=136) selling tobacco in lower socioeconomic suburbs. Data were collected over a 2-hour period outside each store using the same methodology (36% consumer response rate). Descriptive statistics examined the proportion of tobacco and non-tobacco purchases and most common products purchased.ResultsPurchasing tobacco was the primary motivation for store visits for only 3% of consumers. The vast majority of products purchased (92%) were not tobacco, with hot food, groceries and lottery tickets most frequent. Only 8% of consumers purchased tobacco. When unplanned purchasing patterns were compared, consumers’ who purchased tobacco were no more likely to buy other products.ConclusionTobacco purchasing was rarely the reason for store visits, indicating that it is not a key driver of consumer foot traffic for small retailers. There was also no evidence that tobacco contributes to spontaneous purchases of other products that might bring retailers profit. Findings suggest that restricting the retail availability of tobacco would be unlikely to have a pronounced negative impact on small retail stores.

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Tobacco retail density: still the new frontier in tobacco control

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

Cigarette retailer density around schools and neighbourhoods in Bali, Indonesia: A GIS mapping

Cigarette retailer density around schools and neighbourhoods in Bali, Indonesia: A GIS mapping

Policies regulating retail environment to reduce tobacco availability: A scoping review

Tobacco mythbusting—tobacco is not a major driver of foot traffic in low socio-economic small retail stores

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