Tobacco Smoke Exposure Reduction Strategies—Do They Work?

Gambino, Jessica; Moss, Angela; Lowary, Michelle; Kerby, Gwendolyn S.; Winickoff, Jonathan P.; Klein, Jonathan D.; Hovell, Melbourne F.; Wilson, Karen M.

doi:10.1016/j.acap.2020.02.022

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Silicone wristbands had a sensitive detection limit for nicotine and cotinine: In children reported as nonexposed by the caregiver, nicotine in wristbands more closely tracked caregiver's use patterns regardless of children's presence, rather than child's exposure as reported by the caregiver, as did urinary cotinine. This increase might be due to child exposures to drifting SHS or SHeV unnoticed by the caregiver 21 , and/or potential exposure to thirdhand smoke residue [22][23][24] , and demonstrates the sensitivity of the silicone wristband sampler. The highest levels for wristbands were clearly associated with exposure to CC indoors, demonstrating the ability of the sampler to detect high exposures in a similar matter to urinary cotinine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Nicotine, Cotinine, and Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines Measured in Children’s Silicone Wristbands in Relation to Secondhand Smoke and E-cigarette Vapor Exposure

Quintana

López-Gálvez

Dodder

et al. 2020

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

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Introduction Simple silicone wristbands (WB) hold promise for exposure assessment in children. We previously reported strong correlations between nicotine in WB worn by children and urinary cotinine (UC). Here, we investigated differences in WB chemical concentrations among children exposed to secondhand smoke from conventional cigarettes (CC) or secondhand vapor from electronic cigarettes (EC), and children living with nonusers of either product (NS). Methods Children (n = 53) wore three WB and a passive nicotine air sampler for 7 days and one WB for 2 days, and gave a urine sample on day 7. Caregivers reported daily exposures during the 7-day period. We determined nicotine, cotinine, and tobacco–specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) concentrations in WB, nicotine in air samplers, and UC through isotope-dilution liquid chromatography with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry. Results Nicotine and cotinine levels in WB in children differentiated between groups of children recruited into NS, EC exposed, and CC exposed groups in a similar manner to UC. WB levels were significantly higher in the CC group (WB nicotine median 233.8 ng/g silicone, UC median 3.6 ng/mL, n = 15) than the EC group (WB nicotine median: 28.9 ng/g, UC 0.5 ng/mL, n = 19), and both CC and EC group levels were higher than the NS group (WB nicotine median: 3.7 ng/g, UC 0.1 ng/mL, n = 19). TSNAs, including the known carcinogen NNK, were detected in 39% of WB. Conclusions Silicone WB show promise for sensitive detection of exposure to tobacco-related contaminants from traditional and electronic cigarettes and have potential for tobacco control efforts. Implications Silicone WB worn by children can absorb nicotine, cotinine, and tobacco-specific nitrosamines, and amounts of these compounds are closely related to the child’s urinary cotinine. Levels of tobacco-specific compounds in the silicone WB can distinguish patterns of children’s exposure to secondhand smoke and e-cigarette vapor. Silicone WB are simple to use and acceptable to children and, therefore, may be useful for tobacco control activities such as parental awareness and behavior change, and effects of smoke-free policy implementation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Nicotine, Cotinine, and Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines Measured in Children’s Silicone Wristbands in Relation to Secondhand Smoke and E-cigarette Vapor Exposure

Quintana

López-Gálvez

Dodder

et al. 2020

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

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“…As there is no risk-free exposure to SHS, and air purifiers and ventilation are ineffective protection mechanisms, [ 31 – 33 ] the only way to protect people from SHS is to eliminate smoking where others are exposed [ 34 ]. However, households often face challenges in agreeing on a smoking ban and end up compromising on less effective strategies such as restricting smoking to specific parts of the home or smoking out of a window [ 35 – 37 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residential secondhand smoke in a densely populated urban setting: a qualitative exploration of psychosocial impacts, views and experiences

2022

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Background People remain exposed to secondhand smoke, a serious health hazard, inside their home as households face challenges in setting no-smoking rules or are exposed to secondhand smoke drifting in from neighbouring homes. This study explores the psychosocial impacts, views, and experiences with residential secondhand smoke in a densely populated urban setting. Methods In-depth online or face to face interviews with 18 key informants who had been involved in public discourse, policy, advocacy or handling complaints related to residential secondhand smoke, 14 smokers, and 16 non-smokers exposed to secondhand smoke inside their home. All participants were residents of Singapore, a densely populated, multi-ethnic city-state. Interview transcripts were coded in NVivo using a deductive and inductive coding process. Findings Secondhand smoke has wide-reaching impacts on physical and psychosocial wellbeing, even if smokers tried to minimise secondhand smoke. Feelings of anxiety and stress are generally tied to feeling discomfort in one’s personal space, a perceived lack of control over the situation, resentment towards smokers, and concerns over the health effects. Family, community, and cultural dynamics add complexities to tackling the issue, especially in patriarchal households. Secondhand smoke exposure from neighbours is considered a widespread issue, exacerbated by structural factors such as building layout and the COVID-19 pandemic. Resolving the issue amicably is considered challenging due to the absence of regulations and a reluctance to stir up conflict with neighbours. While smokers took measures to reduce secondhand smoke, these were described as ineffective by other participants. Smokers appeared to have contrasting views from other participants on what it means to smoke in a socially responsible manner. Conclusion Given the wide-reaching psychosocial impacts of residential secondhand smoke, there is a case for stronger interventions, especially in densely populated urban settings where it is more difficult to avoid.

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Eliminating children’s tobacco smoke exposure: a pathway to bioverified abstinence among low-income maternal smokers in the Babies Living Safe and Smokefree (BLiSS) trial

2023

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Tobacco Smoke Exposure Reduction Strategies—Do They Work?

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Nicotine, Cotinine, and Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines Measured in Children’s Silicone Wristbands in Relation to Secondhand Smoke and E-cigarette Vapor Exposure

Nicotine, Cotinine, and Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines Measured in Children’s Silicone Wristbands in Relation to Secondhand Smoke and E-cigarette Vapor Exposure

Residential secondhand smoke in a densely populated urban setting: a qualitative exploration of psychosocial impacts, views and experiences

Eliminating children’s tobacco smoke exposure: a pathway to bioverified abstinence among low-income maternal smokers in the Babies Living Safe and Smokefree (BLiSS) trial

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