Tobacco smoking, NAT2 acetylation genotype and breast cancer risk

Abstract

The role of active and passive cigarette smoking in breast cancer etiology remains controversial. Using data from a large population-based case-control study in Poland (2386 cases, 2502 controls) conducted during 2000-2003, we examined the associations between active and passive smoking overall and for different age categories. We also evaluated differences in risk by estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status in tumors, and the potential modification of the smoking association by N-acetyl transferase 2 (NAT2) genotype. Women ever exposed to passive smoking at home or at work had a risk of breast cancer similar to those never exposed to active or passive smoking (OR (95%CI) 5 1.11 (0.85-1.46), and no trends were observed with increasing hours/day-years of passive smoking exposure. Active smoking was associated with a significant increase in risk only among women younger than 45 years of age (OR (95%CI) 5 1.95 (1.38-2.76); 1.15 (0.93-1.40); 0.91 (0.77-1.09) for <45, 45-55 and >55 years of age, respectively; p-heterogeneity <0.001 for <45 vs. >55 years) and prevailed for both ER1 and ER2 tumors. The smoking association among women <45 years was stronger for current than former smokers, and a significant trend was observed with duration of smoking (p 5 0.04). NAT2 slow vs. rapid/intermediate acetylation genotype was not related to breast cancer risk (0.99 (0.87-1.13)), and did not significantly modify the smoking relationships. In conclusion, our data indicate that passive smoking is not associated with breast cancer risk; however, active smoking might be associated with an increased risk for early onset breast cancers. ' 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Active and passive smoking, IL6, ESR1, and breast cancer risk

“…As shown in other studies, cigarette smoking had a greater influence on breast cancer risk among women diagnosed at a young age or prior to menopause [3,5]. Although this finding is not universal, the magnitude of the association usually has been reported as being in the range of 1.3-1.7 [1,3,6,33], which is comparable to the 1.4-1.6 reported in this study.…”

“…Since full differentiation of breast tissue takes place after first full-term pregnancy, it has been proposed that the greatest carcinogenic damage to breast tissue from cigarette smoke would occur between menarche and first full-term pregnancy [3]. In support of this hypothesis, several studies have shown that early exposure to cigarette smoke is associated with the greatest breast cancer risk [3,5,6].…”

“…Studies have examined genes that regulate metabolizing enzymes such as NAT2 and CYP1A1 [2,5,[8][9][10]. Other genes such as MnSOD have been examined because it may influence susceptibility to cigarette smoking because of their influence on oxidative stress [11,12].…”

Active and passive smoking and the risk of breast cancer in women aged 36–45 years: a population based case–control study in the UK

“…2000; Kropp and Chang-Claude, 2002) and others showed no effect (Wartenberg et al, 2000;Nishino et al, 2001;Egan et al, 2002;Lash and Aschengrau, 2002;Gammon et al, 2004;Reynolds et al, 2004;Shrubsole et al, 2004;Bonner et al, 2005;Hanaoka et al, 2005;Lissowska et al, 2006). Recent reviews of the literature have also been inconsistent with two showing that there was an association between passive smoking and breast cancer (Johnson, 2005;Miller et al, 2007) and a further two suggesting that more evidence is needed before any conclusions can be drawn (IARC, 2004;US Surgeon General, 2006).…”

“…However, only about half of the published studies provided results stratified by menopausal status (Wells, 1991;Millikan et al, 1998;Delfino et al, 2000;Johnson et al, 2000;Gammon et al, 2004;Reynolds et al, 2004;Shrubsole et al, 2004;Bonner et al, 2005;Hanaoka et al, 2005;Lissowska et al, 2006) and therefore the possibility of publication bias cannot be ruled out. The current study adds to the totality of the evidence suggesting that exposure to passive smoking in the home is not associated with an increase in the risk of breast cancer, and does not support the view that there is an increased risk in premenopausal women.…”