Tobacco use among Alaska Native people in the EARTH study

Smith, Julia; Ferucci, Elizabeth D.; Dillard, Denise A.; Lanier, Anne P.

doi:10.1093/ntr/ntq091

Cited by 23 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…We cannot be certain how smoking patterns and nicotine metabolism compared between participants and AN women who did not enroll. However, the rate of smoking during pregnancy and reported CPD seen in this study were similar to estimates for AN pregnant women from a study with random participation [13, 14, 44], and other studies have shown high rates of light and intermittent smoking among AN people [15–17]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…More than one of four (28 %) AN women smoke during the last 3 months of pregnancy, compared to 10 % of non-Native women [13, 14]. Importantly, many AN smokers are intermittent or light daily smokers [15–17]. Among pregnant AN women, 68 % report smoking an average of five or fewer cigarettes per day (CPD) and another 23 % report between five and ten [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimating Cotinine Associations and a Saliva Cotinine Level to Identify Active Cigarette Smoking in Alaska Native Pregnant Women

Smith

Robinson

Khan

et al. 2014

Matern Child Health J

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Studies indicate nicotine metabolism varies by race and can change during pregnancy. Given high rates of tobacco use and limited studies among Alaska Native (AN) women, we estimated associations of saliva cotinine levels with cigarette use and second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure and estimated a saliva cotinine cutoff to distinguish smoking from non-smoking pregnant AN women. Using questionnaire data and saliva cotinine, we utilized multivariable linear regression (n = 370) to estimate cotinine associations with tobacco use, SHS exposure, demographic, and pregnancy-related factors. Additionally, we estimated an optimal saliva cotinine cutoff for indication of active cigarette use in AN pregnant women using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis (n = 377). Saliva cotinine significantly decreased with maternal age and significantly increased with cigarettes smoked per day, SHS exposure, and number of previous full term pregnancies. Using self-reported cigarette use in the past 7 days as indication of active smoking, the area under the ROC curve was 0.975 (95 % CI: 0.960–0.990). The point closest to 100 % specificity and sensitivity occurred with a cotinine concentration of 1.07 ng/mL, which corresponded to sensitivity of 94 % and specificity of 94 %. We recommend using a saliva cotinine cutoff of 1 ng/mL to distinguish active smoking in pregnant AN women. This cutoff is lower than used in other studies with pregnant women, most likely due to high prevalence of light or intermittent smoking in the AN population. Continued study of cotinine levels in diverse populations is needed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating Cotinine Associations and a Saliva Cotinine Level to Identify Active Cigarette Smoking in Alaska Native Pregnant Women

Smith

Robinson

Khan

et al. 2014

Matern Child Health J

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“…The WISDM-68 has demonstrated good psychometric characteristics (Piper et al, 2008; Shenassa et al, 2009). To reduce assessment burden, the Brief WISDM was developed (Smith et al, 2010), retaining 37 items which load onto 11 subscales. On the basis of three samples of adult smokers with sizes of 366, 608, and 393 including 10.4, 22.1, and 100% African-American (AA) smokers, respectively, the authors concluded that the Brief WISDM is reliable and valid, and thus suitable for use in place of the original version.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Brief Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives in African-American and European-American Heavy Smokers

Jennie¹,

Li²,

Payne³

2012

Front. Psychiatry

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Introduction: Emerging evidence indicates that nicotine dependence should be measured multidimensionally. A brief version of the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM) has recently been developed in which the item count has been reduced from 68 to 37. The objectives of this study were to replicate the initial findings in a larger heavy-smoking sample, and determine whether the WISDM structure is applicable to both African-American (AA) and European-American (EA) heavy smokers. Methods: Smokers were selected from our Mid-South Tobacco Family and Case–Control studies. Available data from 2,522 smokers was selected, involving 1,633 AA and 889 EA participants. Both exploratory and confirmatory analyses were employed to evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the Brief WISDM. Results: AAs and EAs were similar in age, sex, education, marital status, cigarettes per day, and Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence score. Internal consistency evaluations for Brief WISDM subscales were adequate but generally lower than that of the full-scale version. Confirmatory factor analyses did not yield desirable fits for AA or EA smokers. Exploratory factor analysis revealed good agreement for item loadings on the four primary dependence motives subscales (Automaticity, Loss of Control, Craving, and Tolerance) but discrepancies on all secondary dependence motives subscales except Taste/Sensory Processes. Specific item loadings for subscales differed by ethnicity. Conclusion: The Brief WISDM demonstrated reasonable psychometric properties in our large sample. Together, we provide support for the general validity of the brief form but suggest individual item selections may benefit from further investigation.

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“…Thus, reported findings were meant to be mainly investigative (hypothesis generating) in nature but strongly support further investigation of CYP2B6 , particularly in smoking populations characterized by a higher prevalence of CYP2B6 gene variants and by lighter-smoking, such as African Americans and Alaska Native people [15,35]. Both African American and Alaska Native smokers experience more difficulty quitting despite lower cigarette consumption [36–39], and it was among the longer-duration and lighter-smokers where we observed larger odds ratio for CYP2B6 and CYP2A6 . Among these populations, which have a disproportionately high lung cancer risk [40,41], CYP2B6 genotype may facilitate the identification of sub-groups of smokers at higher and lower cancer risk.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Pilot Study of CYP2B6 Genetic Variation to Explore the Contribution of Nitrosamine Activation to Lung Carcinogenesis

Wassenaar

Dong

Amos

et al. 2013

IJMS

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We explored the contribution of nitrosamine metabolism to lung cancer in a pilot investigation of genetic variation in CYP2B6, a high-affinity enzymatic activator of tobacco-specific nitrosamines with a negligible role in nicotine metabolism. Previously we found that variation in CYP2A6 and CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 combined to increase lung cancer risk in a case-control study in European American ever-smokers (n = 860). However, these genes are involved in the pharmacology of both nicotine, through which they alter smoking behaviours, and carcinogenic nitrosamines. Herein, we separated participants by CYP2B6 genotype into a high- vs. low-risk group (*1/*1 + *1/*6 vs. *6/*6). Odds ratios estimated through logistic regression modeling were 1.25 (95% CI 0.68–2.30), 1.27 (95% CI 0.89–1.79) and 1.56 (95% CI 1.04–2.31) for CYP2B6, CYP2A6 and CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4, respectively, with negligible differences when all genes were evaluated concurrently. Modeling the combined impact of high-risk genotypes yielded odds ratios that rose from 2.05 (95% CI 0.39–10.9) to 2.43 (95% CI 0.47–12.7) to 3.94 (95% CI 0.72–21.5) for those with 1, 2 and 3 vs. 0 high-risk genotypes, respectively. Findings from this pilot point to genetic variation in CYP2B6 as a lung cancer risk factor supporting a role for nitrosamine metabolic activation in the molecular mechanism of lung carcinogenesis.

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Tobacco use among Alaska Native people in the EARTH study

Cited by 23 publications

References 15 publications

Estimating Cotinine Associations and a Saliva Cotinine Level to Identify Active Cigarette Smoking in Alaska Native Pregnant Women

Estimating Cotinine Associations and a Saliva Cotinine Level to Identify Active Cigarette Smoking in Alaska Native Pregnant Women

Evaluation of the Brief Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives in African-American and European-American Heavy Smokers

Pilot Study of CYP2B6 Genetic Variation to Explore the Contribution of Nitrosamine Activation to Lung Carcinogenesis

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