“…In this study, about 83% of the sample reported that they were exposed to tobacco smoke from both cigarette and waterpipe (passive smoking). Reports from several countries indicated that rates of secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy ranged between 17% and 94% ( Bloch et al, 2008 ;Franchini et al, 2008 ;Kelly et al, 2011 ;Torres et al, 2011 ;Yang, Tong, Mao, & Hu, 2010 ). In previous studies from Jordan, exposure to secondhand cigarette smoke among Jordanian women was about 70% in a sample of patients admitted to a local hospital, using a survey that was developed by the researchers ( Zmeili, 1992 ) while another study indicated that 60% of mothers were exposed to secondhand smoke from other family members at home using both survey instrument and biomarkers of exposure to cigarettes (nicotine and cotinine plasma levels [ n = 220, Badran, Salhab, & Al-Jaghbir, 2009 ] ).…”