Tobacco use by early adolescents in Norway

Braverman, Marc T.; Svendsen, Terje; Lund, Karl Erik; Aar, Leif Edvard

doi:10.1093/eurpub/11.2.218

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Addiction to smoking typically begins during childhood [17]. Recent studies raised questions about the model on the natural course of onset of cigarette use [49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sex or/and gender differences in relation to adolescent [16][17][18][19][20] and adults [21][22][23] tobacco smoking behaviour have been described mostly in industrialised countries. Recent statistics published in 2005 by the "Observatoire Français des drogues et desagency dedicated to the fight against addictions), indicated that the proportion of daily tobacco smokers was decreasing with age for both sexes but was the highest in young adults (25-34 years 40% for men and 30% for women) [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex and gender differences in tobacco smoking among adolescents in French secondary schools

Kalaboka

Piau

King

et al. 2016

Monaldi Arch Chest Dis

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Aim. We investigated the relationship between sex (genetic/biological) and gender (environmental/ cultural) factors in relation to adolescent tobacco smoking. Methods. A representative sample of 11,582 students from French secondary public schools participated in the study by completing a self-administered, standardised questionnaire. Results. Using the WHO classification for smoking in the youth, 15.6% of the adolescents were regular smokers, 7.7% occasional smokers, 17.9% experimental smokers and 4.8% ex-smokers, with no statistically significant gender difference. Taking non-smoking as a reference, puberty had a much greater effect on the likelihood of being a regular smoker [OR=18.0 (95% Confidence Interval: 9.6- 32)] than of being an experimental/occasional smoker [OR=3.7 (2.9-4.6)] among girls. For boys, the effect of puberty was not as great [OR=4.7 (3.5-6.5)] for regular vs. [OR=2.1 (1.8-2.5)] for experimental/occasional smokers). Similarly, illicit drug use had a larger effect on the likelihood of being regular smoker vs. non-smoker [OR=15.0 (12.0-20.0) in boys and 12 (8.8-16.0) in girls] than of being experimental/occasional smoker vs. a non-smoker [OR=4.8 (3.7-6.1) and 2.9 (2.1-3.9) respectively]. Other factors related to regular smoking were exposure to passive smoking and regular alcohol consumption. Living with both parents was a protective factor for life and regular smoking in both genders. Conclusions. Our results show that influential factors of sex-related (puberty), gender-specific (environmental tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, drug abuse) or sex/gender (regular sexual intercourse) are related to the smoking behaviour in French adolescents.

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“…Addiction to smoking typically begins during childhood [17]. Recent studies raised questions about the model on the natural course of onset of cigarette use [49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex and gender differences in tobacco smoking among adolescents in French secondary schools

Kalaboka

Piau

King

et al. 2016

Monaldi Arch Chest Dis

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“…Usage of oral smokeless tobacco is gaining popularity throughout the western world especially with adolescents. [33][34] Tobacco in the form of Swedish moist oral snuff (snus) is today highly prevalent in the Swedish male population, and has been increasing during the past decades from 22% to 30%. 35 The proposal that usage of smokeless tobacco might lead to smoking behavior [36][37] has been of major concern, however some results suggest snuff dipping to be more closely related to cessation of smoking (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco use, body mass index and the risk of malignantlymphomas—A nationwide cohort study in Sweden

Fernberg

Odenbro

Bellocco

et al. 2005

Intl Journal of Cancer

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In the search for risk factors involved in the etiology of lymphoproliferative malignancies there is still inconsistent evidence regarding effects of smoking tobacco, and the role of smokeless tobacco is poorly investigated. New evidence indicates that excess body weight increases the risk of NHL and HD. To determine if tobacco use of various forms and high Body Mass Index (BMI) affect the occurrence of these neoplasms, we conducted a prospective cohort study on over 330,000 Swedish construction workers included in the Construction Industry Working Environment and Health program. Information on smoking, snuff dipping, height and weight was gathered by self administered questionnaires together with personal interviews. Cancer incidence was ascertained through the year 2000 by record linkage to the nationwide Swedish Cancer Registry, Migration Registry and Cause of Death Registry. At the end of follow up, 1,309 subjects had been diagnosed with NHL (including chronic lymphocytic leukemia) and 205 with HD respectively. Age adjusted incidence rate ratios were computed using Cox proportional Hazard regression modeling. Smoking cigarette, pipe or cigar was not associated with NHL or HD. There was no evidence indicating a relation between quantity and duration of smoking and NHL or HD risk. No link was found between NHL and usage of smokeless tobacco. Having a BMI of 30 or higher did not convey excess risk of developing NHL or HD compared to normal weight ). We conclude that tobacco smoking and high BMI do not entail an increased risk of NHL and HD. Our findings of a relation between the duration of snuff dipping and HD need further investigation. ' 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; Hodgkins disease; smokingtobacco; moist snuff; body mass index Over the past decades, there has been controversy regarding the impact of tobacco use on the development of lymphatic malignancies. Although studies conducted within this area are not sparse, results have been largely inconsistent. In part, the conflicting results might reflect the various designs and sizes of the studies, study type and subjects, interview compliance and if information was obtained from study subjects or their next of kin.Tobacco smoke is known to comprise a number of components, including benzene, lead and polonium 1-3 affecting the immune system by means such as increasing mean leukocyte counts, [4][5] most strongly correlated to neutrophils and CD41 cells, 5 and altered T-cell function. 6 Moreover smoking has been correlated to lowered levels of immunoglobulins, lysozyme as well as a decrease in the total number of NK-cells in long time smokers. 7Whereas several studies have suggested smoking to be associated with NHL [8][9][10][11]8,12 others have failed to confirm these results. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] More recent studies have indicated this relation to be particularly strong for follicular lymphoma and high grade lymphomas. 9,17,20 Overweight and obesity has become a globally accelerating health issue related to increased morbidi...

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“…Between 1997 and 2005, the proportion of daily users of snuff increased by two percentage units, among both genders. In contrast, studies of the smoking habits of Norwegian (Braverman, Svendsen, Lund, & Aarø, 2001) and German (Maziak, Rzehak, Keil, & Weiland, 2003) adolescents show opposite trends. These studies conclude that the increased figures may be due to the fact that over the past few years, fewer resources have been spent on tobacco prevention among adolescents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%