Tocopherol, heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn), and fatty acid contents of thornback ray (Raja clavata Linnaeus, 1758) liver oil in relation to gender and origin in the Mediterranean and Black seas)

Abstract

Summary The study objective was to investigate the profiles of tocopherol, heavy metals, and fatty acids in the liver oil of female and male thornback ray Raja clavata from the Black and Mediterranean seas. The fish liver oil analyses were carried out by using a spectrophotometer (Hitachi U‐1900), ICP‐AES (Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Atomic Emission Spectrometry, and a GC‐MS (gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry), respectively. Results showed that the tocopherol content differed between the sample origin and gender (range of 42.3–134.5 mg kg−1). Pb, Cd, and Mn contents in livers of all R. clavata were lower than for Cu, Fe, and Zn. Levels of 7.6 and 8.9% in the eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were found to be higher in Black Sea thornback rays than in Mediterranean specimens (4.5 and 5.8%) (P < 0.05). All thornback ray liver oils contained large amounts of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the range of 19.9–26.1%.

Bir Kıkırdaklı Balık Türü Olan Kemane Balığı (Rhinobatos rhinobatos; Linnaeus 1758) Karaciğer Yağılarının Farklı Saklama Koşullarında Yağ Asitlerindeki Değişimler

“…These values for liver oil of these two cartilaginous fish are lower than that of the liver oil of the average EPA+DHA levels obtained in this study. The mean EPA+DHA values in liver oil of males and females' R clavata were calculated to be 28.8% and 31.1% from Black sea and 28.2% to 30.6% from Mediterranean, respectively (Ozyilmaz 2016). These given values for liver oil of this cartilaginous fish for R clavata are higher than that of the liver oil of the average EPA+DHA levels obtained in this study.…”

“…Fish oil are generally known to have higher amount of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n3) and (DHA, C22:6n3). However, this fish liver oil surprisingly has got greatest amount of the C18:1n9+n7 comparing other cartilaginous fish species (Ozyilmaz 2016;Özyilmaz & Öksüz 2015;Ould El Kebir et al, 2007;Nechet et al, 2007). The C18:1n9+n7 is vulnarable to oxidize.…”

“…This fish is in consuming list for a lot of people. People around the coast of the in the Northeastern Mediterranean have different dish relating guitarfish which is pointed out in many previously published studies that the fish is consumed not only people around the Turkish coastal waters but also other parts of the Mediterranean (Lteif et al, 2016) Some previously reported studies showed that liver oil of the cartilaginous can be considered as raw materials and turned out something useful and beneficial (Ayas et al, 2019;Yığın et al, 2019;Ozyilmaz 2016;Özyılmaz & Öksüz 2015;Ould El Kebir et al, 2007;Nechet et al, 2007). These attributes may make them as important issue to the study.…”

Determination of Usage Potential of Some Mediterranean Rays in Fish Oil Production

“…Similar levels with our study of EPA had been reported in liver oil of R. clavata. (Ozyilmaz, 2016). High proportions of DHA were detected in muscle and liver of Dasyatis marmorata (11.1% and 16.1%, respectively) caught from the East Tropical Atlantic Ocean (Ould El Kebir et al, 2003).…”

THE LIVER LIPID FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF TWO CARTILAGINOUS FISH, THE THORNBACK RAY (Raja clavata) AND THE COMMON SMOOTH-HOUND (Mustelus mustelus)

“…EPA and DHA represented 16-18% of the fatty acids present in the oil (Navarro-García et al, 2010). Unfortunately, available literature on liver oil studies from ray and shark species are limited in Turkish Seas (Tufan et al, 2013;Özyılmaz and Öksüz, 2015;Cabbar and Yığın, 2015;Özyılmaz, 2016). The aims of the present study explore the composition of liver oils derived from the thornback rays and smooth-hound.…”