TOE Framework for E-Commerce Adoption by MSMEs during The COVID-19 Pandemic: Can Trust Moderate?

Abstract

Currently, there are still many MSMEs in the regions that have not been connected to the digital ecosystem. This results in limited market reach, a lack of visibility, a lack of operational efficiency, and difficulty competing in the digital market. The purpose of this study is to review the adoption of e-commerce among MSMEs during the COVID-19 pandemic within the scope of the organization. Integrating the TOE framework (technology, organization, environment) with trust is carried out to explain the key parameters behind the adoption of e-commerce by MSMEs. This study collected samples using a saturated sample technique from 181 people who were members of the population. There were 153 questionnaires that were returned in full for further analysis using SEM-PLS modeling. The test results showed that technology did not have a significant influence on the adoption of e-commerce. Organizations, the environment during the pandemic, and trust have had a significant influence on the adoption of e-commerce. In addition, organizations that are moderated by trust have no significant effect on e-commerce adoption. The role of trust is as a moderation predictor. This research shows that the TOE framework is still strong enough to be used in explaining the adoption of e-commerce by MSMEs. This research also expands the TOE framework, where trust can also influence MSMEs to adopt e-commerce. Researchers and managers can use the set of variables that have been identified to strategize the adoption of e-commerce by MSMEs. This study presents a series of variables that can be used to study the adoption of e-commerce by MSMEs in the future.

Evaluation of Digital Sociology on Student Salaf and Modern Islamic Boarding Schools

“…The sampling method utilized was random sampling, wherein individuals were selected from the population without considering any existing strata. For data analysis, the SEM PLS SmartPLS method was employed [17], [18]. This involved assessing both the measurement model (outer model) and evaluating the structural model (inner model).…”

Blended Learning System in Islamic Universities: Approach to Technology-Organization-Environment and Technology Acceptance Model

“…The TOE model is utilized for the analysis of the internal and external aspects that affect a particular environment's technology adoption. It includes the organizational, environmental, and technological components [31], [32], [33], [34]. The TOE framework is employed in a number of research that examine how innovation is implemented in the use of information technology [35], [36] Technology adoption and implementation processes are impacted by a number of characteristics that are identified using TOE model [37], [38].…”

Mask Detection App Uses Haar Cascade and Convolutional Neural Network to Alert Comply with Health Protocols

“…Because people must keep their distance from one another, the COVID-19 pandemic has altered every facet of people's life [2]. The government encourages the use of masks, washing hands, and avoiding crowds as part of efforts to reduce the transmission rate of Covid-19.…”