Token-reflexive, anaphoric and deictic functions of ‘here’

Abstract

<jats:p>There are basically three ways in which the reference of a token of the English proximal spatial indexical<jats:italic>here</jats:italic>and corresponding terms in other languages can be resolved in the context-dependent, pragmatic phase of the addressee's determination of the propositional content of an utterance that contains this adverbial adjunct. ‘Here’ may refer reflexively to the place of utterance, including minimally the spot occupied by the speaker (token-reflexive reference), it may be anaphoric upon a discourse antecedent that provides information necessary for identification of the referent (anaphoric reference), or resolution of the reference depends on information derived from processing of a perceptual stimulus (deictic reference). These three pragmatic paths to resolution of the reference of proximal spatial indexicals are not mutually exclusive, so they do not warrant postulation of lexical ambiguity, at least not the traditional kind of ambiguity based on differences in conceptual meaning.</jats:p>

Catabolism and Distribution of Albumin in Gastric Cancer

“…Liver metastases was verified in one patient (case 14). Ascites of varying degree occurred in seven patients (cases [13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. One patient (case 14) had virtually complete stenosis of the gastric antrum, due to the cancer, and one patient (case 10) with a recurrent scirrhous carcinoma in the cardia region had almost complete stenosis of the cardia.…”

“…In cancer of the stomach Fretheim (1954Fretheim ( , 1955 has found that the blood volume is slightly reduced, mainly as a result of a reduced red-cell volume, but that the plasma volume is normal or only slightly reduced (referred to "ideal weight"). In cases of marked anaemia he reported a slightly increased plasma volume, probably a compensatory mechanism.…”