Toksisitas Akut per Oral Ekstrak Etanol Daun Dewa (Gynura pseudochina (Lour.) DC) terhadap Kondisi Lambung Tikus Jantan dan Betina Galur Wistar

Astri, Yesi; Sitorus, Truly D.; Sigit, Joseph Iskendiarso; Sujatno, Muchtan

doi:10.15395/mkb.v44n1.71

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The results of previous study showed that administration of GD extract at a dose of 750 mg/kg/day for 14 days had a significant effect on the increase of SGOT levels and an insignificant effect on SGPT levels in the treatment group [13]. The results of a previous study conducted an oral acute toxicity test of the ethanol extract of Dewa leaves (Gynura Pseudochina L.) on the stomach conditions of male and female Wistar rats also shows that the content of flavonoids in GD at a dose of 1625 mg/kg/day given for 14 days has an inhibitory effect on lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase which causes discontinuity in the gastric mucosal epithelium which can cause changes in the shape of the stomach organs [14].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

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2023

Int. J. Front. Biol. Pharm. Res.

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Gynura divaricata (L.) DC., a traditional medicinal herb, has been used for the treatment of many diseases such as bronchitis, pulmonary tuberculosis, pertussis, toothache, rheumatic, arthralgia, uterine bleeding and diabetes in folk medicine. Despite its widespread use, studies on its toxicological characteristics are still very limited. The aim of this research is to observe the acute toxicity of ethanol extract of Gynura divaricata on Deutscland Denken Yoken (DDY) mice. The acute toxicity of ethanol extract of Gynura divaricata leaves was evaluated by giving it orally to DDY mice at single doses of 625, 1250, 2500, and 5000 mg/kg bodyweight. Animals were observed for mortality, body weight changes, macroscopic organ and relative organ weight for the next 14 days, and analyzed with ANOVA and Duncan post hoc test (p<0.05). The results shown ethanol extract of Gynura divaricata leaves did not caused deaths. The gross necropsy analysis did not reveal changes of the organs. Ethanol extract of Gynura divaricata also did not cause significant change in relative organ weight. In conclusions, ethanol extract of Gynura divaricata leaves acute administration were safe at the dose used ethnomedicinally and practically non-toxic. Higher doses may involve toxicological risks.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

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2023

Int. J. Front. Biol. Pharm. Res.

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“…Apabila suatu kandidat obat terdeteksi toksisitas akut, maka dapat dipastikan obat tersebut tidak dapat dilanjutkan sebagai pertimbangan kandidat obat, karena dapat menganggu kesehatan manusia (Yang et al, 2018). Selain itu, dilakukan uji toksisitas oral akut bertujuan mengetahui dampak yang ditimbulkan pada pemberian obat tunggal dalam kurun waktu 24 jam (Astri et al, 2012). Berdasarkan tingkat toksisitas dari suatu bahan kimia yang dinyatakan dalam median lethal dosis (LD50) dan ditinjau berdasarkan kriteria oleh US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), terdapat empat kategori: a) kategori I memiliki nilai ≤50 mg/kg tergolong sebagai sangat racun dan dapat berakibat fatal jika tertelan; b) kategori II memiliki nilai 50<x≤500 mg/kg tergolong sebagai cukup beracun; c) kategori III memiliki nilai 500<x≤5000 mg/kg tergolong sebagai sedikit beracun; dan d) kategori IV memiliki nilai >5000 mg/kg tergolong sebagai tidak beracun (Li et al, 2014).…”

Section: ) Sehingga 5-amino-2-[[6-(3-carbamoyl-4-cyanophenoxy)-2-[3-(...unclassified

Penambatan Molekuler Senyawa Aktif Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum) pada Butirilkolinesterase sebagai Kandidat Antialzheimer

et al. 2023

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Alzheimer adalah salah satu penyakit neurodegeneratif kronis dan menjadi penyakit yang sering dialami oleh orang lanjut usia. Perubahan yang terjadi dari penyakit Alzheimer, yakni penurunan fungsi kognitif, memori, dan perubahan perilaku secara permanen. Senyawa aktif pada daun sirih merah memiliki kesamaan kandungan dengan daun sirih hijau untuk menghambat butirilkolinesterase (BChE). Butirilkolinesterase adalah salah satu enzim yang berperan dalam penanganan penyakit Alzheimer dikaitkan dengan terbentuknya Alzheimer, yakni hipotesis kolinergik. Penelitian dilakukan menguji daya inhibisi senyawa aktif yang terkandung dalam daun sirih merah terhadap aktivitas butirilkolinesterase melalui pendekatan simulasi penambatan molekuler. Penelitian menggunakan dua metode, yakni penggabungan penapisan virtual dan penambatan molekuler sebagai tahapan awal pengembangan daun sirih merah terhadap aktivitas penghambatan butirilkolinesterase. Hasil dalam penelitian diperoleh, daya inhibisi terbaik ditemukan pada 1,2,3,4,5,6,7-heptazacycloicosane sebesar 0,4888 µM dan energi bebas pengikatan sebesar -8,6 kkal∙mol-1. Residu yang berperan dalam menghambat butirilkolinesterase, yakni pada pengikatan substrat oleh ligan uji, yakni Tyr-332 dan Trp-82. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber referensi dalam menemukan alternatif pengobatan penyakit Alzheimer. Molecular Docking of the Active Compound of Red Betel (Piper crocatum) on Butyrylcholinesterase as an Antialzheimer's Candidate. Alzheimer's is a chronic neurodegenerative disease often experienced by the elderly. Changes that occur from Alzheimer's disease such as permanent decline in cognitive function, memory, and behavioral changes. The active compounds in red betel leaves have similar contents with green betel leaves to inhibit butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Butyrylcholinesterase is an enzyme that may play an important role in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease associated with the formation of Alzheimer's, the cholinergic hypothesis. The study tested the inhibition power of the active compounds contained in red betel leaves against the activity of butyrylcholinesterase through a molecular docking simulation approach. The method in the study used the merger of virtual screening and molecular docking as the initial stage for the development of red betel leaves against the inhibitory activity of butyrylcholinesterase. The result in the study found the best inhibitiron power was found at 1,2,3,4,5,6,7-heptazacycloicosane of 0.4888 µM and binding free energy of -8.6 kkal∙mol-1. The residues that play a role in the inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase on substrate binding by test ligands were Tyr-332 and Trp-82. The research result can be used as a reference in finding alternative treatments for Alzheimer's disease.

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“…A deficiency of prostaglandins is suspected to lead to a decrease in the production of mucus, phospholipids, HCO3secretions, the proliferation of mucosal cells, and microvascular flow of the stomach that is suspected to cause discontinuities in the epithelium of the gastric mucosa known as peptic ulcers. The mechanism is suspected to be the cause of swelling of the gastric organs in male white mice and female white mice after administration of the Kayu Manis cortex fraction (Astri et al, 2012).…”

Section: Organ Weight Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Toxicity LD50 Fraction Ethyl Acetate Aquilaria malaccensis, Ficus benjamina, Mikania micrantha, and Fraction Water Cinnamomum burmanii in Mus Musculus

Yulion,

Perawati,

Hartesi

et al. 2022

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Research on the acute toxicity of LD50 had been carried out on the ethyl acetate fraction of Gaharu leaves (Aquilaria malaccensis), beringin leaves (Ficus benjamina), sembung rambat leaves (Mikania micrantha), and kayu manis cortex (Cinnamomum burmanii) water fraction the base of use as traditional treatment by the Suku Anak Dalam (SAD) empirically obtained from ancestors. This research methodwas experimental and it used male and female mice. The control group was given a 1% NaCMC doses of 625 mg/kg body weight, 1,250 mg/kg body weight, 2,500 mg/kg body weight, and 5,000 mg/kg body weight. The test preparation was administered orally once per day. The Thomson-Weil method was used for the measurement of LD50 values. The weight ratio of organs was applied for heart, liver, lungs, kidneys, and stomach. The results showed that the LD50 value for male mice was 2454mg/kg body weight; 2454mg/kg body weight; 1546 mg/kg body weight and 2065mg/kg body weight respectfully. The LD50 value for female mice was a pseudo LD50. The value of the organ weight ratio in each sample showed P<0.05 values that were obtained in gaharu leaves in the liver and kidney organs (male); heart in females. Beringin leaves value P<0.05 lung organs (male). Sembung rambat leaves P<0.05 values of the heart, liver, and stomach organs (male); heart and stomach (female). Cinnamomum cortex value P<0.05 liver and stomach organs (male). The conclusions showed that the LD50 value of the ethyl acetate fraction of gaharu leaf, sembung rambat leaf, beringin leaf, and kayu manis cortex in male mice was slightly toxic, while in female mice it could not be counted.

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Toksisitas Akut per Oral Ekstrak Etanol Daun Dewa (Gynura pseudochina (Lour.) DC) terhadap Kondisi Lambung Tikus Jantan dan Betina Galur Wistar

Cited by 7 publications

References 1 publication

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Penambatan Molekuler Senyawa Aktif Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum) pada Butirilkolinesterase sebagai Kandidat Antialzheimer

Acute Toxicity LD50 Fraction Ethyl Acetate Aquilaria malaccensis, Ficus benjamina, Mikania micrantha, and Fraction Water Cinnamomum burmanii in Mus Musculus

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