Tolerance mechanism of Trichoderma asperellum to Pb2+: response changes of related active ingredients under Pb2+ stress

Sun, Hao; Wu, Li; Hao, Yali; Liu, Chunyu; Pan, Liao; Zhu, Zhiwei

doi:10.1039/c9ra10517d

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 45 publications

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“…Trichoderma, as biocontrol agents against biotic stress, utilize antagonistic strategies such as competition [8], parasitism [9], and anti-biosis [10]. Trichoderma also help plants in alleviating abiotic stress effects such as drought [11][12][13], salinity [14,15], the presence of toxic metals [16,17], and low temperature [12,18]. The means through which Trichoderma stimulate plant growth and yield include the synthesis of phytohormones, its influence on nutrient availability and uptake, and the stimulation of plant growth through secondary metabolites [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroscopic Investigation of Tomato Seed Germination Stimulated by Trichoderma spp.

Vukelić,

Radić,

Pećinar

et al. 2024

Biology

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Seed germination is a complex process that can be negatively affected by numerous stresses. Trichoderma spp. are known as effective biocontrol agents as well as plant growth and germination stimulators. However, understanding of the early interactions between seeds and Trichoderma spp. remains limited. In the present paper, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy were used to reveal the nature of tomato seed germination as stimulated by Trichoderma. A rapid response of tomato seeds to Trichoderma spp. was observed within 48 h on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) substrate, preceding any physical contact. Raman analysis indicated that both Trichoderma species stimulated phenolic compound synthesis by triggering plant-specific responses in seed radicles. The impact of T. harzianum and T. brevicompactum on two tomato cultivars resulted in alterations to the middle lamella pectin, cellulose, and xyloglucan in the primary cell wall. The Raman spectra indicated increased xylan content in NA with T9 treatment as well as increased hemicelluloses in GZ with T4 treatment. Moreover, T4 treatment resulted in elevated conjugated aldehydes in lignin in GZ, whereas the trend was reversed in NA. Additionally, FTIR analysis revealed significant changes in total protein levels in Trichoderma spp.-treated tomato seed radicles, with simultaneous decreases in pectin and/or xyloglucan. Our results indicate that two complementary spectroscopic methods, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, can give valuable information on rapid changes in the plant cell wall structure of tomato radicles during germination stimulated by Trichoderma spp.

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