Tolerance Patterns and Transcriptomic Response to Extreme and Fluctuating Salinities across Populations of the Intertidal Copepod <i>Tigriopus californicus</i>

Lee, Jeeyun; Phillips, Marshall C; Lobo, Monica; Willett, Christopher S.

doi:10.1086/712031

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Like most marine invertebrates, Tigriopus is an osmoconformer; as the salinity of the surrounding water increases, these copepods increase the osmolality of their intracellular milieu by accumulating small amino acids, primarily proline and alanine ( Burton and Feldman 1982 , 1983 ; Burton 1991 ; Willett and Burton 2002 ; DeBiasse et al. 2018 ; Lee et al. 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exact manner in which proline might affect thermal tolerance (which specific proteins it affects and how they contribute to tolerance) is complex and not completely understood ( Willett and Burton 2002 ; DeBiasse et al. 2018 ; Lee et al. 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By contrast, it is unclear whether there is a latitudinal gradient in salinity or salinity tolerance ( Leong et al. 2018 ; Lee et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elevated Salinity Rapidly Confers Cross-Tolerance to High Temperature in a Splash-Pool Copepod

Denny

Dowd

2022

Integrative Organismal Biology

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Accurate forecasting of organismal responses to climate change requires a deep mechanistic understanding of how physiology responds to present-day variation in the physical environment. However, the road to physiological enlightenment is fraught with complications: predictable environmental fluctuations of any single factor are often accompanied by substantial stochastic variation and rare extreme events, and several factors may interact to affect physiology. Lacking sufficient knowledge of temporal patterns of co-variation in multiple environmental stressors, biologists struggle to design and implement realistic and relevant laboratory experiments. In this study we directly address these issues, using measurements of the thermal tolerance of freshly collected animals and long-term field records of environmental conditions to explore how the splash-pool copepod Tigriopus californicus adjusts its physiology as its environment changes. Salinity and daily maximum temperature—two dominant environmental stressors experienced by T. californicus—are extraordinarily variable and unpredictable more than 2-3 days in advance. However, they substantially co-vary such that when temperature is high salinity is also likely to be high. Copepods appear to take advantage of this correlation: median lethal temperature of field-collected copepods increases by 7.5°C over a roughly 120 parts-per-thousand range of ambient salinity. Complementary laboratory experiments show that exposure to a single sublethal thermal event or to an abrupt shift in salinity also elicits rapid augmentation of heat tolerance via physiological plasticity, although the effect of salinity dwarfs that of temperature. These results suggest that T. californicus’s physiology keeps pace with the rapid, unpredictable fluctuations of its hypervariable physical environment by responding to the cues provided by recent sublethal stress and, more importantly, by leveraging the mechanistic cross-talk between responses to salinity and heat stress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elevated Salinity Rapidly Confers Cross-Tolerance to High Temperature in a Splash-Pool Copepod

Denny

Dowd

2022

Integrative Organismal Biology

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“…These geographic differences in habitat combined with low dispersal have resulted in populations with highly divergent genomes, particularly for mitochondrial DNA [ 17 – 19 ] ( S1 Table ). Common garden experiments have demonstrated local adaptation to thermal tolerance and some measures of salinity tolerance align with latitude, as southern populations are more tolerant of heat shock [ 20 – 23 ] and northern populations, which receive more rain, are generally more tolerant of extended periods at low salinity [ 14 , 15 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypoxia tolerance, but not low pH tolerance, is associated with a latitudinal cline across populations of Tigriopus californicus

Deconinck

Willett²

2022

PLoS ONE

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Intertidal organisms must tolerate daily fluctuations in environmental parameters, and repeated exposure to co-occurring conditions may result in tolerance to multiple stressors correlating. The intertidal copepod Tigriopus californicus experiences diurnal variation in dissolved oxygen levels and pH as the opposing processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration lead to coordinated highs during the day and lows at night. While environmental parameters with overlapping spatial gradients frequently result in correlated traits, less attention has been given to exploring temporally correlated stressors. We investigated whether hypoxia tolerance correlates with low pH tolerance by separately testing the hypoxia and low pH stress tolerance separately of 6 genetically differentiated populations of T. californicus. We independently checked for similarities in tolerance for each of the two stressors by latitude, sex, size, and time since collection as predictors. We found that although hypoxia tolerance correlated with latitude, low pH tolerance did not, and no predictor was significant for both stressors. We concluded that temporally coordinated exposure to low pH and low oxygen did not result in populations developing equivalent tolerance for both. Although climate change alters several environmental variables simultaneously, organisms’ abilities to tolerate these changes may not be similarly coupled.

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“…Common garden experiments have demonstrated local adaptation to thermal tolerance and some measures of salinity tolerance align with latitude, as southern populations are more tolerant of heat shock (M. W. Kelly, Sanford, & Grosberg, 2012;Pereira, Sasaki, & Burton, 2017;Willett, 2010) and northern populations, which receive more rain, are generally more tolerant of extended periods at low salinity (Leong, Sun, & Edmands, 2018, although see also J. Lee, Phillips, Lobo, & Willett, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latitudinal cline in hypoxia tolerance does not result in correlated acid tolerance inTigriopus californicus

Willett

2021

Preprint

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Intertidal organisms must tolerate a wide range of environmental parameters each day which may result in tolerance to multiple stressors correlating. The intertidal copepod Tigriopus californicus experiences diurnal variation in dissolved oxygen levels and pH as the opposing processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration lead to coordinated highs during the day and lows at night. While environmental parameters with overlapping spatial gradients frequently result in correlated traits, less attention has been given to exploring temporally correlated stressors. We investigated whether hypoxia tolerance correlated with acid tolerance by testing the hypoxia and low pH stress tolerance of 6 genetically differentiated populations of T. californicus. We checked for similarities in tolerance for the two stressors by latitude, sex, size, and time since collection as predictors. We found that although hypoxia tolerance correlated with latitude, acid tolerance did not, and no predictor was significant for both stressors. We concluded that temporally coordinated exposure to low pH and low oxygen did not result in populations developing equivalent tolerance for both.

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Tolerance Patterns and Transcriptomic Response to Extreme and Fluctuating Salinities across Populations of the Intertidal Copepod Tigriopus californicus

Cited by 6 publications

References 56 publications

Elevated Salinity Rapidly Confers Cross-Tolerance to High Temperature in a Splash-Pool Copepod

Elevated Salinity Rapidly Confers Cross-Tolerance to High Temperature in a Splash-Pool Copepod

Hypoxia tolerance, but not low pH tolerance, is associated with a latitudinal cline across populations of Tigriopus californicus

Latitudinal cline in hypoxia tolerance does not result in correlated acid tolerance inTigriopus californicus

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