Tolerance to Nitrous Oxide Analgesia in Rats and Mice

Berkowitz, Barry A.; Finck, A. Donald; Hynes, Martin D.; Ngai, S. H.

doi:10.1097/00000542-197910000-00006

Cited by 66 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…There were no significant differences between groups in baseline thresholds (Detection: 70.4 vs. 74. 4 The within-subjects analysis (Fig. 4) gave similar results to the between-subjects analysis described above.…”

Section: Experiments 2: Chronic Tolerance and Associative Processessupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Using cold-pressor pain, acute tolerance was not observed during a 40-minute administration of up to 40% N 2 O (Pirec et al, 1995) but was found during a 120-min administration of 30-40% N 2 O . Animal research suggests that tolerance develops to N 2 O's antinociceptive effects (Berkowitz et al, 1977;Berkowitz et al, 1979;Rupreht et al, 1984), but this finding is not universal (Shingu et al, 1985) and may depend on rat strain (Fender et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Nitrous oxide analgesia in humans: acute and chronic tolerance

Ramsay¹,

Rothen²,

Prall³

et al. 2005

Pain

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electrical tooth stimulation was used to investigate whether humans develop tolerance to nitrous oxide (N 2 O) analgesia within a single administration as well as over repeated administrations. In a double-blind cross-over experiment, 77 subjects received a 40-minute administration of 38% N 2 O at one session and placebo gas at the other. The sessions were separated by 1 week and the order of gas administration was counterbalanced. Acute analgesic tolerance developed for pain threshold but not for detection threshold. There was no evidence of a hyperalgesic rebound effect following cessation of the N 2 O administration. In a second double-blind experiment, 64 subjects received both 30-min of placebo gas and 30-min of 35% N 2 O, separated by a 35-min gas wash-out period, during each of 5 sessions. Sensory thresholds were assessed prior to drug or placebo administration (baseline) and between 7-12 min and 25-30 min of gas administration. A control group of 16 subjects received only placebo gas at these 5 sessions. During a sixth session, the experimental procedures were similar to the previous sessions except that the control group received N 2 O for the first time and the experimental group was sub-divided to test for conditioned drug effects. For both detection and pain threshold measures, acute tolerance developed during the initial N 2 O exposure and chronic tolerance developed over repeated administrations. Although chronic tolerance developed, a test for Pavlovian drug conditioning found no evidence of conditioned effects on sensory thresholds. In conclusion, acute and chronic tolerance develop to N 2 O's analgesic effects in humans.

show abstract

Section: Experiments 2: Chronic Tolerance and Associative Processessupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrous oxide analgesia in humans: acute and chronic tolerance

Ramsay¹,

Rothen²,

Prall³

et al. 2005

Pain

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The degree of antinociception produced by nitrous oxide in various treatment groups of mice was calculated as: % antinociception = 100 ! number of constrictions in control micenumber of constrictions in exposed mice number of constrictions in control mice Drugs Drugs used in this research included the following: nitrous oxide, USP, oxygen, USP and compressed air, USP (Rockford Industrial Welding Supply, Rockford, Ill.), rabbit antisera to porcine DYN [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] and DYN [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] (Peninsula Laboratories, Belmont, Calif.), rabbit antisera to rat methionine-enkephalin (ME) and human or camel ß-endorphin (ß-EP) and control rabbit serum (produced in Dr. Tseng's laboratory).…”

Section: Antinociceptive Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nitrous oxide is an anesthetic gas with analgesic properties that are sensitive to antagonism by the opioid receptor blockers naloxone [1,14,15] and naltrexone [13]. It was suggested from the results of tolerance and cross-tolerance studies that nitrous oxide might act through stimulating the neuronal release of endogenous opioid peptides [2]. Among several lines of ongoing research on the pharmacology of nitrous oxide in our laboratory, one continuing series of studies has focused on elucidating the mechanism of nitrous oxide antinociception in the mouse abdominal constriction test [17].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antagonism of Nitrous Oxide Antinociception in Mice by Intrathecally Administered Antisera to Endogenous Opioid Peptides

et al. 2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Previously it was demonstrated that nitrous oxide antinociception in the mouse abdominal constriction test is mediated by κ-opioid receptors. Since nitrous oxide is thought to cause the neuronal release of endogenous opioid peptide to stimulate opioid receptors, this study was designed to identify the opioid peptides involved, especially in the spinal cord, by determining whether nitrous oxide antinociception can be differentially inhibited by intrathecally (i.t.) administered antisera to different opioid peptides. Male NIH Swiss mice were pretreated i.t. with rabbit antisera to opioid peptides then exposed 24 h later to one of three different concentrations of nitrous oxide in oxygen. Dose-response curves constructed from the data indicated that the antinociceptive effect of nitrous oxide was significantly antagonized by antisera to various dynorphins (DYNs) and methionine-enkephalin (ME), but not by antiserum to β-endorphin (β-EP). The AD₅₀ values for nitrous oxide antinociception were significantly elevated by antisera to DYNs and ME but not β-EP. These findings of this study support the hypothesis that nitrous oxide antinociception in the mouse abdominal constriction test involves the neuronal release of DYN and ME in the spinal cord.

show abstract

“…While naloxone antagonism is regarded as a necessary criterion for opiate interaction, this alone is not sufficient to infer a narcotic mechanism (Sawynok, Pinsky & LaBella, 1979). By way of support for an opiate action in anaesthetically induced analgesia, Berkowitz, Finck, Hynes & Ngai (1979) have shown partial cross tolerance between nitrous oxide and morphine in rats. These investigators propose that nitrous oxide releases endogenous opiate peptides as part of its analgesic actions.…”

Section: In Vitro Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opiate‐like Analgesic Activity in General Anaesthetics

Lawrence¹,

Livingston²

1981

British J Pharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

1 The interaction of naloxone with various anaesthetics was studied both in vivo and in vitro.2 Naloxone (10mg/kg) did not significantly alter the anaesthetic duration of halothane, diethylether, ketamine, pentobarbitone or Althesin.3 Naloxone (10 mg/kg) reduced the analgesic activity of nitrous oxide, ketamine and morphine in the rat tail-flick test. With the exception of pentobarbitone and Althesin, the other anaesthetic agents also induced analgesia but were not antagonized by naloxone. (IC50 = 40 nM). 6 On the stimulated guinea-pig ileum, Met-enkephalin and morphine inhibited the contractions, the IC50 values were 30 nm and 50 nm respectively. The anaesthetics ketamine (IC50 = 10 FM) and Althesin (IC50=8,UM) were active. Xylazine (IC50=12nM) exhibited considerable potency in inhibiting the contractions on this preparation. Naloxone 0.5 p.M produced a 1000 fold shift in the opiate dose-response curve but the anaesthetic responses showed only slight sensitivity to antagonism by naloxone. 7 The activity of Althesin was found to be due to the vehicle in which this anaesthetic is solubilised.8 Whilst several anaesthetic agents showed analgesic activity, specific dihydromorphine binding displacement or guinea pig ileum inhibiting activity, these effects showed variable sensitivity to naloxone.

show abstract

Tolerance to Nitrous Oxide Analgesia in Rats and Mice

Cited by 66 publications

References 0 publications

Nitrous oxide analgesia in humans: acute and chronic tolerance

Nitrous oxide analgesia in humans: acute and chronic tolerance

Antagonism of Nitrous Oxide Antinociception in Mice by Intrathecally Administered Antisera to Endogenous Opioid Peptides

Opiate‐like Analgesic Activity in General Anaesthetics

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About