Tolerant mechanisms to O2 deficiency under submergence conditions in plants

Abstract

Wetland plants can tolerate long-term strict hypoxia and anoxic conditions and the subsequent re-oxidative stress compared to terrestrial plants. During O 2 deficiency, both wetland and terrestrial plants use NAD(P) + and ATP that are produced during ethanol fermentation, sucrose degradation, and major amino acid metabolisms. The oxidation of NADH by nonphosphorylating pathways in the mitochondrial respiratory chain is common in both terrestrial and wetland plants. As the wetland plants enhance and combine these traits especially in their roots, they can survive under long-term hypoxic and anoxic stresses. Wetland plants show two contrasting strategies, low O 2 escape and low O 2 quiescence strategies (LOES and LOQS, respectively). Differences between two strategies are ascribed to the different signaling networks related to phytohormones. During O 2 deficiency, LOES-type plants show several unique traits such as shoot elongation, aerenchyma formation and leaf acclimation, whereas the LOQS-type plants cease their growth and save carbohydrate reserves. Many wetland plants utilize NH 4 + as the nitrogen (N) source without NH 4 +-dependent respiratory increase, leading to efficient respiratory O 2 consumption in roots. In contrast, some wetland plants with high O 2 supply system efficiently use NO 3 − from the soil where nitrification occurs. The differences in the N utilization strategies relate to the different systems of anaerobic ATP production, the NO 2 −driven ATP production and fermentation. The different N utilization strategies are functionally related to the hypoxia or anoxia tolerance in the wetland plants.

MicroRNA775 and targetGalactosyltransferase(GALT9) module regulates recovery from submergence induced senescence by modulatingSAGsinArabidopsis thaliana

“…Based on our result ( Figure 4 ) and previous reports, we have characterized the miR775- GALT9 module for its role in submergence stress response. Submergence stress causes oxygen-deprived conditions (hypoxia) (Nishiuchi et al ., 2012, Ahmed et al ., 2013, Chen et al ., 2015, Yeung et al ., 2018, Loreti and Striker, 2020, Nakamura and Noguchi, 2020). Hypoxic condition is the true consequence of submergence stress.…”

Probing the Response of the Amphibious Plant Butomus umbellatus to Nutrient Enrichment and Shading by Integrating Eco-Physiological With Metabolomic Analyses

“…However, the role of leaf lactate abundance as a shading acclimation biomarker has not been indicated before, being a new contribution of the present study. Lactate is an oxidative stress related molecule ( Rivoal et al, 1991 ; Dolferus et al, 2008 ; Nakamura and Noguchi, 2020 ). While its root abundance has been associated with hypoxic conditions ( Dolferus et al, 2008 ; Maurino and Engqvist, 2015 ), the role of leaf lactate is not yet fully understood ( Maurino and Engqvist, 2015 ), having been associated mainly with the plant protection from pathogens.…”

Hypoxia and Anoxia Stress: Plant responses and tolerance mechanisms

“…Plant with low‐oxygen escape shows upward bending of leaves (hyponasty) that enhances shoot elongating and increased aerenchyma and gas films formation on the leaf surface, control radial loss of oxygen, induce the development of advantageous roots, pressurize gas flow through porous tissues and also modified the leaf and root anatomy (Blom, 1999; Jackson & Armstrong, 1999; Nakamura & Noguchi, 2020; Sauter, 2013). For instance, the deepwater verities of rice can escape from partially submerged conditions by increasing the genetic impression of SNORKEL1 and SNORKEL2 , which triggered the rapid internode elongation at the rate of 25 cm per day (Colmer et al., 2014; Hattori et al., 2011).…”

“…Oxygen deficiency may significantly impact the growth and yield formation in these crop plants. Although several studies on plant responses to low oxygen are available (Fukao & Bailey‐Serres, 2004; Wiedenroth, 1993; Licausi, Van Dongen et al, 2010), nonetheless only a few studies reported the associated tolerance mechanism (Kato‐Noguchi, 2002; Mancuso & Marras, 2006; Mustroph & Albrecht, 2003; Nakamura & Noguchi, 2020). Two reviews on these interconnecting and interconverting stresses are available (Antonacci et al., 2007; Vartapetian et al., 2014); however, a comprehensive review addressing the plant responses and tolerance mechanisms to hypoxia and anoxia stresses is lacking.…”