Toll and IMD Immune Pathways Are Important Antifungal Defense Components in a Pupal Parasitoid, Pteromalus puparum

Yang, Lei; Yang, Lei; Wang, Xiaofu; Peng, Cheng; Chen, Xiaoyun; Wei, Wei; Xu, Xiaoli; Ye, Gongyin; Xu, Junfeng

doi:10.3390/ijms241814088

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 54 publications

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“…Subsequently, the parasitoids were transferred to finger-type plastic tubes with 20% honey water (v:v). The concentration of deposited conidia was checked by counting the number of conidia/mm 2 using microscopic counts from three glass cover slips placed alongside the wasps during spraying [71,72]. The concentration of deposited conidia used in this experiment was 500, 100, 20, 4 and 1 conidia/mm 2 .…”

Section: Treatment Of P Puparum With B Bassianamentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Gene Expression of the Parasitoid Pteromalus puparum after Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana Infection

Yang,

Li,

Yang

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Both parasitoids and entomopathogenic fungi are becoming increasingly crucial for managing pest populations. Therefore, it is essential to carefully consider the potential impact of entomopathogenic fungi on parasitoids due to their widespread pathogenicity and the possible overlap between these biological control tools during field applications. However, despite their importance, little research has been conducted on the pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi on parasitoids. In our study, we aimed to address this knowledge gap by investigating the interaction between the well-known entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana, and the pupal endoparasitoid Pteromalus puparum. Our results demonstrated that the presence of B. bassiana significantly affected the survival rates of P. puparum under laboratory conditions. The pathogenicity of B. bassiana on P. puparum was dose- and time-dependent, as determined via through surface spraying or oral ingestion. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that the immune system plays a primary and crucial role in defending against B. bassiana. Notably, several upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in the Toll and IMD pathways, which are key components of the insect immune system, and antimicrobial peptides were rapidly induced during both the early and late stages of infection. In contrast, a majority of genes involved in the activation of prophenoloxidase and antioxidant mechanisms were downregulated. Additionally, we identified downregulated DEGs related to cuticle formation, olfactory mechanisms, and detoxification processes. In summary, our study provides valuable insights into the interactions between P. puparum and B. bassiana, shedding light on the changes in gene expression during fungal infection. These findings have significant implications for the development of more effective and sustainable strategies for pest management in agriculture.

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Section: Treatment Of P Puparum With B Bassianamentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Gene Expression of the Parasitoid Pteromalus puparum after Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana Infection

Yang,

Li,

Yang

et al. 2023

IJMS

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Mitigating effect of Bifidobacterium longum CCFM1077 on nonylphenol toxicity: An integrative in vitro and in vivo analysis

Ye,

Yu,

et al. 2024

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Research progress of aphid immunity system: Potential effective target for green pest management

Sun,

Meng,

Wang

et al. 2024

Insect Science

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Due to the absence of acquired immunity, insects primarily rely on their innate immune system to resist pathogenic microorganisms and parasitoids in natural habitats. This innate immune system can be classified into cellular immunity and humoral immunity. Cellular immunity is mediated by hemocytes, which perform phagocytosis, aggregation, and encapsulation to fight against invaders, whereas the humoral immunity primarily activates the immune signaling pathways and induces the generation of immune effectors. Existing studies have revealed that the hemipteran aphids lack some crucial immune genes compared to other insect species, indicating the different immune mechanisms in aphids. The current review summarizes the adverse impacts of pathogenic microorganisms and parasitoids on aphids, introduces the cellular and humoral immune systems in insects, and analyzes the differences between aphids and other insect species. Furthermore, our review also discussed the existing prospects and challenges in aphid immunity research, and proposed the potential application of immune genes in green pest management.

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Toll and IMD Immune Pathways Are Important Antifungal Defense Components in a Pupal Parasitoid, Pteromalus puparum

Cited by 4 publications

References 54 publications

Altered Gene Expression of the Parasitoid Pteromalus puparum after Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana Infection

Altered Gene Expression of the Parasitoid Pteromalus puparum after Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana Infection

Mitigating effect of Bifidobacterium longum CCFM1077 on nonylphenol toxicity: An integrative in vitro and in vivo analysis

Research progress of aphid immunity system: Potential effective target for green pest management

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