Toll-like receptor 2 as a major gene for asthma in children of European farmers

Polymorphisms in Toll-like receptor genes and risk of cancer

“…Another single polymorphism within TLR2 promoter region has been identified to be associated with asthma in children (Yang et al, 2004). The result was supported by a larger study investigating the functionality of TLR2/16934 polymorphism with asthma in children of European farmers (Eder et al, 2004).…”

Ramp-ing up allergies: Nramp1 (Slc11a1), macrophages and the hygiene hypothesis

“…Farmers' children carrying a T-allele in the gene were less likely to develop atopic and asthmatic manifestations when compared either with farmers' children carrying an A-allele or nonfarmers' children. [28]. In the same study, a variation in the gene encoding TLR4 was inversely associated with allergen-specific IgE in the farmers' children only.…”

“…Moreover, the assumed protective effect of infections in the hygiene hypothesis can be mediated through the innate immune system, including the TLR pathway. The protective effect of a farming environment on the development of atopy and asthma was only observed in children with a T-allele in TLR2/-16934, and not in children with the homozygotic A-allele of this gene [28]. Until now, conflicting data exist as to whether human polymorphisms in the TLR4 gene, associated with endotoxin hyporesponsiveness, are associated with allergic disease [55,56].…”

A TLR2 polymorphism is associated with type 1 diabetes and allergic asthma

“…Although Eder et al 24 detected an association between a promoter SNP in TLR2 and asthma in children of European farmers, they found no association between asthma and rs3804100. Also, Smit et al 25 did not find any associations between TLR2 SNPs and asthma in a population of Danish farmers, but they did not include the polymorphisms analyzed in the present study.…”