2014
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.02.017
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Toll-like receptor 2 ligands promote chronic atopic dermatitis through IL-4–mediated suppression of IL-10

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Cited by 101 publications
(84 citation statements)
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“…13 However, our investigations favor the view that innate immune cells actively take part in S. aureus-accentuated AD symptoms by focusing on the NOD2/ TLR2-mediated activation of basophils, eosinophils, and dermal fibroblasts. NOD2 and TLR2 are the pivotal PRRs responsible for the immune recognition of S. aureus and are prevalently expressed on innate immune cells, including basophils and eosinophils.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 78%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…13 However, our investigations favor the view that innate immune cells actively take part in S. aureus-accentuated AD symptoms by focusing on the NOD2/ TLR2-mediated activation of basophils, eosinophils, and dermal fibroblasts. NOD2 and TLR2 are the pivotal PRRs responsible for the immune recognition of S. aureus and are prevalently expressed on innate immune cells, including basophils and eosinophils.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 78%
“…10,11 TLR2-deficient mice are highly susceptible to S. aureus invasion, and macrophages from these mice release less interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 in response to heat-killed S. aureus. 12 Importantly, TLR2 is involved in AD-associated immune dysregulation 13 because the TLR2 ligand PGN (but not the TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide) activates basophils to secrete IL-4 and IL-13 in both an IgE-dependent and IgE-independent manner. 14 Basophils and eosinophils have been reported to be associated with a variety of skin diseases, including AD.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Another study conducted on mice [6] demonstrated that the TLR2 ligand-induced release of IL-10 from bone marrow-derived dendritic cells was inhibited by IL-4. Together, these reports suggest that Th2 cell-skewed conditions in expectant mothers and/or neonates may result in immune programming that suppresses the transcription of IL-10.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…IL-10 producing dendritic cells primed by bacteria helps induce regulatory T cells through the TLR2 signal, leading to the suppression of T helper (Th)2-mediated inflammation [4]. Reduced microbial exposure or dysfunction of this pathway may impede IL-10-mediated immune suppression in allergic responses [5, 6]. Oral administration of gram-positive bacteria reportedly alleviates AD symptoms and increases serum IL-10 concentration in children [7].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In einem Mausmodell der atopischen Dermatitis konnte gezeigt werden, dass eine durch Th2-Zellen und IL-4 mediierte Entzündung der Haut zunächst einen selbstlimitierenden Verlauf nimmt. Kommt es aber in einem von IL-4 dominierten Zytokinmilieu zur Aktivierung des angeborenen Immunsystems durch TLR2-Liganden, so ist die Entzündungsreaktion nicht nur stär-ker, sondern persistiert auch deutlich län-ger -sie chronifiziert [15]. Die dabei zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen konnten schrittweise aufgedeckt werden.…”
Section: » Die Funktion Der Antimikrobiellen Peptide Besteht In Der Aunclassified