Toll-like receptors and dermatology

Toll-Like Receptors: Role in Dermatological Disease

“…Once activated by TLRs, immune cells initiate phagocytosis/killing of pathogens, cytokine, and chemokine production, leukocyte activation, and antigen presentation to T cells, thereby, initiating an adaptive immune response. An in-depth insight into different TLRs and their associated characteristics such as ligands, cytokines induction profile and functions have been previously explained by others [11]. TLRs can modulate adaptive response with respect to Th1 and Th2 as reported in study, by Medzhitov et al [2, 12].…”

“…Recent studies show a strong association between TLR 2 and the symptoms of severe AD in some populations [29, 30]. The presence of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) R753Q in the TLR 2 allele has been reported to be associated in patients with severe AD and whose skin was prone to S. aureus infection [11, 91]. The role of R753Q in AD has been confirmed in the cytokine-based profiling of patients where stimulation of TLR 2 induced altered production of IL-6 and IL-12 [92].…”

TLR2 and TLR4 gene polymorphisms in Turkish vitiligo patients

“…Among TLRs, TLR2 is critical in the immune response to mycobacterial infections, in sensing oxidative stresses and cellular necrosis and in induction of apoptosis. In addition, TLR4 is critical in the immune response to viruses, gram‐negative microorganisms, and also induces apoptosis as TLR 2 17 …”

Effects of tacrolimus ointment on Toll-like receptors in atopic dermatitis

“…1 They are activated by a wide range of pathogen-associated and endogenous stimuli, including agents associated with development of allergic diseases. 2 TLR abnormalities also seem to play a role in susceptibility to atopic dermatitis (AD), although conflicting results have been reported. 2 TLR abnormalities also seem to play a role in susceptibility to atopic dermatitis (AD), although conflicting results have been reported.…”