Toluene Diisocyanate Inhalation Toxicity: Pathology and Mortality

Duncan, Burris; Scheel, Lester D.; Fairchild, Edward J.; Killens, Richard; Graham, Stuart

doi:10.1080/00028896209342899

Cited by 54 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It is believed that these focal or multifocal areas of submucosal fibro- plasia were in response to ulceration of overlying epithelium following necrosis induced by the MIC vapor. Similar lesions have been reported in rats exposed to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and were termed bronchiolitis fibrosa obliterans (18,19). Reactive hyperplasia of the bronchial lymph nodes was present in both the male and female rats of the 3.1 ppm exposure group.…”

Section: Histopathologysupporting

confidence: 55%

Methyl isocyanate eight-day vapor inhalation study with Fischer 344 rats.

Dodd¹,

Fowler²,

Snellings³

et al. 1987

Environ Health Perspect

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Groups of ten male and ten female Fischer 344 rats were exposed by inhalation3.1, 0.6, 0.15, or 0.0 (control) ppm of methyl isocyanate (MIC) vapor 6 hr per day for 8 days (two 4-day sessions separated by a 2-day rest). Evaluation of toxic effects included body weight, food consumption, organ weights, and selected hematologic, ophthalmic, neurologic, gross anatomic, and histologic examinations. There were no deaths during the study. Rats of the 3.1 ppm exposure group had decreased body weights, food consumption, and blood oxygen saturation (males only). An increase in hemoglobin concentration (males only) and in lung weights (absolute and as a percentage of body weight) were also observed in the 3.1 ppm rats. Ophthalmic or neurofunctional behavior evaluations were negative for all MIC exposure groups.Only 3.1 ppm of MIC vapor resulted in lesions in the respiratory tract, 0.6 or 0.15 ppm did not. The types of lesions observed were inflammation and squamous metaplasia in the nasal cavity, trachea, and bronchi; inflammation of the bronchioles and alveoli; and submucosal fibroplasia of the bronchioles. No significant lesions were observed in tissues other than those of the respiratory tract in all MIC exposure groups. The results of this study indicate the current 0.02 ppm threshold limit value for MIC is not too high regarding toxicity.

show abstract

Section: Histopathologysupporting

confidence: 55%

Methyl isocyanate eight-day vapor inhalation study with Fischer 344 rats.

Dodd¹,

Fowler²,

Snellings³

et al. 1987

Environ Health Perspect

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, indications of a restrictive lung function impairment have also been observed after exposure to diisocyanatcs such as HDI [Charles et al, 1976;Malo et al, 19831, MDI [Pham et al, 1978a1, andTDI [Charles et al, 1976;Pham et al, 1978b;Innocenti et al, 19811. There are also several animal experiments supporting a theory that repeated exposure to isocyanates causes inflammation and fibrosis [Charles et al, 1976;Zapp, 1957;Duncan et al, 1962;Niewenhuis et al, 19651. In this study, the decrease in lung function during the follow-up period correlated well with the number of peak exposures to HDI-BT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Decreased lung function and exposure to diisocyanates (hdi and hdi‐bt) in car repair painters: Observations on re‐examination 6 years after initial study

Tornling

Alexandersson

Hedenstierna³

et al. 1990

American J Industrial Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Thirty-six car painters and 115 control persons participated in a follow-up investigation 6 years after the initial study, including measurement of lung function (dynamic spirometry and nitrogen washout test) and estimation of exposure to diisocyanates based on individual working routines, use of respiratory protection equipment, and measurements. The mean exposure for the car painters was 0.0015 mg/m3 hexamethylenediisocyanate (HDI) and 0.09 mg/m3 hexamethylenediisocyanate-biurettrimer (HDI-BT), but frequently there were peak exposures exceeding 2.0 mg/m3 HDI-BT for at least 30 sec. Compared with smoking controls, the smoking car painters had greater yearly reduction in FVC (95 versus 38 ml), FEV1 (61 versus 28 ml), and VC (77 versus 30 ml). The nonsmoking car painters showed no differences in lung volumes compared with their nonsmoking controls. The impairment correlated well with the frequency of high peak exposures to HDI-BT, but not with the mean exposure to diisocyanates.

show abstract

“…upper airway irritation, characterized by cough, and rhinitis; [11][12][13] ! acute asthma, manifested as wheezing, breathlessness, and chest tightness occurring immediately after exposure; [14][15][16][17][18][19] !…”

Section: Hazard Evaluation and Technical Assistance Report No 94-012mentioning

confidence: 99%

Health hazard evaluation report: HETA-94-0124-2470, Whirlpool, Corp., Evansville, Indiana.

1994

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Toluene Diisocyanate Inhalation Toxicity: Pathology and Mortality

Cited by 54 publications

References 7 publications

Methyl isocyanate eight-day vapor inhalation study with Fischer 344 rats.

Methyl isocyanate eight-day vapor inhalation study with Fischer 344 rats.

Decreased lung function and exposure to diisocyanates (hdi and hdi‐bt) in car repair painters: Observations on re‐examination 6 years after initial study

Health hazard evaluation report: HETA-94-0124-2470, Whirlpool, Corp., Evansville, Indiana.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About