Toluene permeation through solid polymer electrolyte during toluene direct electro-hydrogenation for energy carrier synthesis

Developing electrochemical hydrogenation towards industrial application

“…79 Generally, toluene is subject of a relatively high number of studies conducted in application-oriented flow reactors rather than in H-type cells, in contrast to the vast majority of substrates in EChH-research. 76,90,164,[168][169][170] The focus of TL-EChH-studies partially lies on similar topics as for other substrate classes such as the optimization of catalyst systems towards lower loadings, especially of PGMcomponents. [162][163][164][171][172][173] Exemplarily, Yamanaka et al could show a similar EChH-activity for a combined Ru-and Ir-catalyst with a fifth of the loading of a corresponding pure Pt-catalyst.…”

“…While, e.g., the studies by Yamanaka et al and Mitsushima et al, respectively, underline the tremendous influence of the utilized porous transport layer, Mitsushima et al conducted a broad investigation of short-and long-term TL-crossover through a variety of polymer membranes as an utterly important quantity for system scale up. 88,168,174 Furthermore, Mitsushima et al carried out an extended study on the influence of TL concentration and current density on the efficiency of membrane reactors with varying cathode flow field structures. Fortunately, TL-EChH proceeded more efficiently at large TL-concentrations for elevated current densities, presumably due to the avoidance of an excessively high hydride coverage of the catalyst, while a porous carbon electrode support without an additional flow field structure was shown to favor the EChH at those conditions.…”

“…79 Generally, toluene is subject of a relatively high number of studies conducted in application-oriented flow reactors rather than in H-type cells, in contrast to the vast majority of substrates in EChH-research. 76,90,164,168–170…”

Graphene Oxide Membrane Reactor for Electrochemical Deuteration Reactions

“…As electrode catalysts, Pt/C, Pd/C, Rh/C, and Ru/Al 2 O 3 were applied onto the GO membrane by ink deposition techniques. These catalysts are widely used in hydrogenation reactions. − In the anode tank cell, methanol (MeOH) in D 2 O was loaded, while the substrates were placed in the cathode cell. The reaction was performed in galvanostatic mode, where a constant current was applied to the cell, and the voltage corresponding to each current density was recorded. , A photograph of the reactor is shown in Figure S3.…”