Tomato Hornworm, Manduca quinquemaculata (Haworth) and Tobacco Hornworm, Manduca sexta (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)

O’Hara, James E.; UsUpensky, Igor; Bostanian, N. J.; Chapman, R. F.; Swisher, Marilyn E.; Barfield, Carl S.; Fitzgerald, Terrence D.; Scheffrahn, Rudolf H.; Constantino, Reginaldo; Sanborn, Allen; Gayubo, Severiano F.; Arthurs, Steven; Tipping, Christopher; Lysyk, Tim; Coons, Lewis B.; Rothschild, Marjorie; Randolph, Sarah; Choate, Paul M.; Jolivet, Pierre; Rogers, Michael E.; Potter, Daniel; Webster, Thomas C.; Nation, James L.; Hoy, Marjorie A.; Agrios, George N.; Purcell, Alexander H.; Epsky, Nancy D.; Morrill, Wendell L.; Mankin, Richard W.; Dietrich, Chris H.; Shanower, Thomas G.; beard, charles e.; Dicke, Marcel; Peña, Jorge E.; Lee, Clarence M.; Armstrong, Earlene; Dame, David A.; Williamson, R. Chris; Brandenburg, Rick; Thompson, Sarah; Heppner, John B.; Capinera, John L.; Clercq, Patrick De

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_2480

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“…Although M. sexta is a model system in insect physiology, development and immunology ( Thorpe and Barbosa, 1986 ; Beckage et al, 1990 ; Nijhout, 1976 ; Reynolds and Nottingham, 1985 ; Adamo and McMillan, 2019 ; Adamo et al, 2010 ), little is known about the thermal biology of M. quinquemaculata owing to their difficulty in laboratory rearing. Both host species feed on solanaceous plants, and co-occur spatially and temporally across North America, often on the same host plant during the same life stage, though M. quinquemaculata is more common in the northeastern portion of this range, and M. sexta in the southeastern Gulf Coast states ( Capinera, 2008 ; Lotts and Naberhaus, 2017 ; Hodges, 1971 ; Kester et al, 2002 ). Both host species suffer similar rates of parasitism by C. congregata in the American Southeast ( Lawson, 1959 ) (K. Malinski and C. Sorenson, personal observations).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host species differences in the thermal mismatch of host–parasitoid interactions

Malinski

Sorenson

Moore

et al. 2023

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Extreme high temperatures associated with climate change can affect species directly, and indirectly through temperature-mediated species interactions. In most host-parasitoid systems, parasitization inevitably kills the host, but differences in heat tolerance between host and parasitoid, and between different hosts, may alter their interactions. Here, we explore the effects of extreme high temperatures on the ecological outcomes – including, in some rare cases, escape from the developmental disruption of parasitism – of the parasitoid wasp, Cotesia congregata, and two co-occurring congeneric larval hosts, Manduca sexta and M. quinquemaculata. Both host species had higher thermal tolerance than C. congregata, resulting in a thermal mismatch characterized by parasitoid (but not host) mortality under extreme high temperatures. Despite parasitoid death at high temperatures, hosts typically remain developmentally disrupted from parasitism. However, high temperatures resulted in a partial developmental recovery from parasitism (reaching the wandering stage at the end of host larval development) in some host individuals, with a significantly higher frequency of this partial developmental recovery in M. quinquemaculata than M. sexta. Hosts species also differed in their growth and development in the absence of parasitoids, with M. quinquemaculata developing faster and larger at high temperatures relative to M. sexta. Our results demonstrate that co-occurring congeneric species, despite shared environments and phylogenetic histories, can vary in their responses to temperature, parasitism, and their interaction, resulting in altered ecological outcomes.

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