Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Geminivirus (TYLCV-Is) Is  Transmitted among Whiteflies (
            <i>Bemisia tabaci</i>
            )  in a Sex-Related Manner

Ghanim, Murad; Czosnek, Henryk

doi:10.1128/jvi.74.10.4738-4745.2000

Cited by 98 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Several previous reports provided indirect evidence supporting this premise, including accumulation of transcripts of genes located on the complementary virus strand (40), transmission through the egg and during mating (28)(29)(30)(31), and deleterious (23) or beneficial (26) effects on fertility and longevity. Figure 1A shows that following an 8-h AAP on infected tomato plants, the amounts of TYLCV associated with whiteflies increase during the first 2 days of feeding on cotton plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The long-term TYLCV-whitefly interaction has been found to have deleterious (23), beneficial (26), or no (27) effects on the insect's fertility and longevity. TYLCV, Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV), and TYLCSV have been shown to be transmitted transovarially to progeny (28,29) and during mating (28,30,31). Expression profiling studies examined the transcriptional response of the B. tabaci B biotype to the acquisition and retention of TYLCCNV and identified 1,606 genes involved in 157 biochemical pathways that are differentially expressed in viruliferous versus nonviruliferous whiteflies (32).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Replication of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus in Its Whitefly Vector, Bemisia tabaci

Pakkianathan

Kontsedalov

Lebedev

et al. 2015

J Virol

Self Cite

102

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Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is a begomovirus transmitted exclusively by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci in a persistent, circulative manner. Replication of TYLCV in its vector remains controversial, and thus far, the virus has been considered to be nonpropagative. Following 8 h of acquisition on TYLCV-infected tomato plants or purified virions and then transfer to non-TYLCV-host cotton plants, the amounts of virus inside whitefly adults significantly increased (>2-fold) during the first few days and then continuously decreased, as measured by the amounts of genes on both virus DNA strands. Reported alterations in insect immune and defense responses upon virus retention led us to hypothesize a role for the immune response in suppressing virus replication. After virus acquisition, stress conditions were imposed on whiteflies, and the levels of three viral gene sequences were measured over time. When whiteflies were exposed to TYLCV and treatment with two different pesticides, the virus levels continuously increased. Upon exposure to heat stress, the virus levels gradually decreased, without any initial accumulation. Switching of whiteflies between pesticide, heat stress, and control treatments caused fluctuating increases and decreases in virus levels. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis confirmed these results and showed virus signals inside midgut epithelial cell nuclei. Combining the pesticide and heat treatments with virus acquisition had significant effects on fecundity. Altogether, our results demonstrate for the first time that a single-stranded DNA plant virus can replicate in its hemipteran vector. IMPORTANCEPlant viruses in agricultural crops are of great concern worldwide. Many of them are transmitted from infected to healthy plants by insects. Persistently transmitted viruses often have a complex association with their vectors; however, most are believed not to replicate within these vectors. Such replication is important, as it contributes to the virus's spread and can impact vector biology. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is a devastating begomovirus that infects tomatoes. It is persistently transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci but is believed not to replicate in the insect. To demonstrate that TYLCV is, in fact, propagative (i.e., it replicates in its insect host), we hypothesized that insect defenses play a role in suppressing virus replication. We thus exposed whitefly to pesticide and heat stress conditions to manipulate its physiology, and we showed that under such conditions, the virus is able to replicate and significantly influence the insect's fecundity. (Begomovirus, Geminiviridae) is the name given to a complex of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) plant viruses that cause tremendous losses of tomato crops worldwide (1). Begomoviruses are transmitted by several biotypes of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (2, 3). Begomoviruses have either a single (monopartite) or two (bipartite) circular ssDNA genomes of ϳ2,700 nucleotides each. Each genome is encapsidated in an ϳ25...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Replication of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus in Its Whitefly Vector, Bemisia tabaci

Pakkianathan

Kontsedalov

Lebedev

et al. 2015

J Virol

Self Cite

102

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“…17 TYLCV can be transmitted vertically and horizontally by whiteflies suggesting that the virus has invaded the reproductive system of whitefly. [18][19][20] In addition, compared to healthy whiteflies, the longevity and fecundity of viruliferous whiteflies were reduced by 27% and 36% respectively, and the proportion of adults with detectable viral DNA maintained at 50% after feeding on cotton for 960 h. 8,21 Luan et al 22 further demonstrate that TYLCV infection can activate the immune response of whiteflies, which might result in the degradation of viral particles within the body of viruliferous whiteflies. These results indicate that TYLCV infection has deleterious effects on whiteflies by inducing physiological changes and immune responses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The autophagy pathway participates in resistance to tomato yellow leaf curl virus infection in whiteflies

et al. 2016

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Macroautophagy/autophagy plays an important role against pathogen infection in mammals and plants. However, little has been known about the role of autophagy in the interactions of insect vectors with the plant viruses, which they transmit. Begomoviruses are a group of single-stranded DNA viruses and are exclusively transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci in a circulative manner. In this study, we found that the infection of a begomovirus, tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) could activate the autophagy pathway in the Middle East Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) species of the B. tabaci complex as evidenced by the formation of autophagosomes and ATG8-II. Interestingly, the activation of autophagy led to the subsequent degradation of TYLCV coat protein (CP) and genomic DNA. While feeding the whitefly with 2 autophagy inhibitors (3-methyladenine and bafilomycin A 1 ) and silencing the expression of Atg3 and Atg9 increased the viral load; autophagy activation via feeding of rapamycin notably decreased the amount of viral CP and DNA in the whitefly. Furthermore, we found that activation of whitefly autophagy could inhibit the efficiency of virus transmission; whereas inhibiting autophagy facilitated virus transmission. Taken together, these results indicate that TYLCV infection can activate the whitefly autophagy pathway, which leads to the subsequent degradation of virus. Furthermore, our report proves that an insect vector uses autophagy as an intrinsic antiviral program to repress the infection of a circulative-transmitted plant virus. Our data also demonstrate that TYLCV may replicate and trigger complex interactions with the insect vector.

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“…Similar results were obtained with Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSV); however, the transmission occurred to one generation, and the progenies were unable to transmit the virus to test plants (7). TYLCV was also shown to be transmitted from viruliferous males to nonviruliferous females and vice versa through mating, and again the individuals that received the virus via mating were able to transmit the virus to tomato test plants (30).…”

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confidence: 99%

Implication of Bemisia tabaci Heat Shock Protein 70 in Begomovirus-Whitefly Interactions

Götz

Popovski

Kollenberg

et al. 2012

J Virol

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127

122

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The whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is a major cosmopolitan pest capable of feeding on hundreds of plant species and transmits several major plant viruses. The most important and widespread viruses vectored by B. tabaci are in the genus Begomovirus, an unusual group of plant viruses owing to their small, single-stranded DNA genome and geminate particle morphology. B. tabaci transmits begomoviruses in a persistent circulative nonpropagative manner. Evidence suggests that the whitefly vector encounters deleterious effects following Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) ingestion and retention. However, little is known about the molecular and cellular basis underlying these coevolved begomovirus-whitefly interactions. To elucidate these interactions, we undertook a study using B. tabaci microarrays to specifically describe the responses of the transcriptomes of whole insects and dissected midguts following TYLCV acquisition and retention. Microarray, real-time PCR, and Western blot analyses indicated that B. tabaci heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) specifically responded to the presence of the monopartite TYLCV and the bipartite Squash leaf curl virus. Immunocapture PCR, protein coimmunoprecipitation, and virus overlay protein binding assays showed in vitro interaction between TYLCV and HSP70. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunolocalization showed colocalization of TYLCV and the bipartite Watermelon chlorotic stunt virus virions and HSP70 within midgut epithelial cells. Finally, membrane feeding of whiteflies with anti-HSP70 antibodies and TYLCV virions showed an increase in TYLCV transmission, suggesting an inhibitory role for HSP70 in virus transmission, a role that might be related to protection against begomoviruses while translocating in the whitefly.T omato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is a complex of singlestranded-DNA plant viruses of the genus Begomovirus in the family Geminiviridae that causes severe damage in tomatoes by stopping or interfering with normal plant growth, thus significantly affecting crop yields. Begomoviruses exhibit tissue tropism in the plant phloem, and some are effectively transmitted by phloem feeders, such as the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (17,18). TYLCV is transmitted exclusively by B. tabaci, and many of the parameters for acquisition, transmission, and retention of the virus by B. tabaci have been studied in depth (10,11,55,68); however, the molecular interactions that underlie the persistence of the virus in its vector are unknown for the most part. TYLCV is transmitted by B. tabaci in a persistent circulative nonpropagative manner (31); however, it has been shown that virus genes may be transcribed in the whitefly vector (70). TYLCV is ingested by B. tabaci with the phloem sap, passes through the food canal in the stylet, reaches the chitin-lined esophagus in the thorax, and enters the filter chamber which connects the midgut with the hindgut (28, 29). The majority of TYLCV particles are absorbed into the hemolymph in the filter chamber (16,25,71), while some move alon...

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Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Geminivirus (TYLCV-Is) Is Transmitted among Whiteflies ( Bemisia tabaci ) in a Sex-Related Manner

Cited by 98 publications

References 24 publications

Replication of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus in Its Whitefly Vector, Bemisia tabaci

Replication of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus in Its Whitefly Vector, Bemisia tabaci

The autophagy pathway participates in resistance to tomato yellow leaf curl virus infection in whiteflies

Implication of Bemisia tabaci Heat Shock Protein 70 in Begomovirus-Whitefly Interactions

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