Tomografia de coerência óptica na avaliação da camada de fibras nervosas peripapilar nos usuários de cloroquina

Palate Hyperpigmentation Caused by Prolonged Use of the Anti-Malarial Chloroquine

“…The most common clinical changes due to adverse drug reactions include inflammatory reactions in the mucosa, non-specific ulcers, gingival hyperplasia, xerostomia, and pigmentation [1]. Antimalarial agents, such as chloroquine diphosphate and hydroxychloroquine sulfate, are administered for the treatment of several dermatologic and rheumatologic disorders, and they are known to cause hyperpigmentation of the oral mucosa [1][2][3][4]. Systemic administration of these drugs for a prolonged period is responsible for the appearance of multifocal hyperpigmentation, which is reversible once the medication is discontinued.…”

“…Pathologic changes in the oral mucosa can be associated with several drugs [1][2][3][4][5]. These adverse reactions depend on the drug and its pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, as well as any individual variability in drug metabolism [6].…”

“…Although these drugs yield good therapeutic results, there are significant concerns regarding the ocular toxicity of these drugs, particularly chloroquine. Chronic use of these drugs can result in retinal degeneration [2,7,8] that can persist even after the medication has been discontinued [5,9]. The two most important irreversible ocular side effects of chloroquine are retinotoxicity and corneal deposits [8,9].…”