Tomographic findings in patients with COVID-19 according to evolution of the disease

Quispe-Cholan, Axel; Anticona-De-La-Cruz, Yoselyn; Cornejo-Cruz, Marco; Quispe-Chirinos, Oswaldo; Moreno-Lazaro, Veronica; Chávez-Cruzado, Edward

doi:10.1186/s43055-020-00329-5

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…This HA-reversal effect could account for sharp increases observed within 24 h after administration of IVM of pre-treatment depressed SpO2 levels in severe COVID-19 patients, as summarized in Figure 6 below, which reproduces a figure from the most recent of three clinical studies reporting this effect [ 64 ]. In contrast to the sharp, rapid increases in SpO2 levels observed in these studies, moderate and severe COVID-19 patients under standard care typically manifest decreasing SpO2 values in tandem with increasing pulmonary CT abnormalities from the day of onset of disease symptoms through the second week following, as established in several studies that tracked SpO2 values, pulmonary abnormalities, or both [ 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Induces Hemagglutination: Implications for COVID-19 Morbidities and Therapeutics and for Vaccine Adverse Effects

Boschi

Scheim²,

Bancod

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Experimental findings for SARS-CoV-2 related to the glycan biochemistry of coronaviruses indicate that attachments from spike protein to glycoconjugates on the surfaces of red blood cells (RBCs), other blood cells and endothelial cells are key to the infectivity and morbidity of COVID-19. To provide further insight into these glycan attachments and their potential clinical relevance, the classic hemagglutination (HA) assay was applied using spike protein from the Wuhan, Alpha, Delta and Omicron B.1.1.529 lineages of SARS-CoV-2 mixed with human RBCs. The electrostatic potential of the central region of spike protein from these four lineages was studied through molecular modeling simulations. Inhibition of spike protein-induced HA was tested using the macrocyclic lactone ivermectin (IVM), which is indicated to bind strongly to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein glycan sites. The results of these experiments were, first, that spike protein from these four lineages of SARS-CoV-2 induced HA. Omicron induced HA at a significantly lower threshold concentration of spike protein than the three prior lineages and was much more electropositive on its central spike protein region. IVM blocked HA when added to RBCs prior to spike protein and reversed HA when added afterward. These results validate and extend prior findings on the role of glycan bindings of viral spike protein in COVID-19. They furthermore suggest therapeutic options using competitive glycan-binding agents such as IVM and may help elucidate rare serious adverse effects (AEs) associated with COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, which use spike protein as the generated antigen.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Induces Hemagglutination: Implications for COVID-19 Morbidities and Therapeutics and for Vaccine Adverse Effects

Boschi

Scheim²,

Bancod

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…These highly significant p-values are based on the well-grounded assumption of expected change in SpO2 values of ≤0 during this time period. Moderate and severe COVID-19 patients under standard care typically manifest decreasing SpO2 values in tandem with increasing pulmonary CT abnormalities from the day of onset of disease symptoms through the second week following, as established in several studies that tracked SpO2 values, pulmonary abnormalities, or both [31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. For example, Figure 5 shows SpO2 values recorded over three weeks for COVID-19 patients under standard care [31], with decreasing SpO2 values through Stage 3, 8-14 days after the onset of symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Changes in SpO2 on Room Air for 34 Severe COVID-19 Patients after Ivermectin-Based Combination Treatment: 62% Normalization within 24 Hours

Stone¹,

Ndarukwa

Scheim³

et al. 2022

Biologics

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The emergence of COVID-19 in March 2020 challenged Zimbabwe to respond with limited medical facilities and therapeutic options. Based on early clinical indications of efficacy for the macrocyclic lactone, Ivermectin (IVM), against COVID-19, IVM-based combination treatments were deployed to treat it. Oxygen saturation (SpO2) data were retrospectively analyzed for 34 severe, hypoxic COVID-19 patients all on room air (without supplemental oxygen). The patients, median age 56.5, were treated at clinics or at home between August 2020 and May 2021. All but three of these 34 patients had significantly increased SpO2 values within 24 h after the first IVM dose. The mean increase in SpO2 as a percentage of full normalization to SpO2 = 97 was 55.1% at +12 h and 62.3% at +24 h after the first IVM dose (paired t-test, p < 0.0000001). These results parallel similar sharp, rapid increases in SpO2, all on room air, for 24 mostly severe COVID-19 patients in the USA (California) who were given an IVM-based combination treatment. All patients in both of these critical series recovered. These rapid increases in SpO2 values after IVM treatment stand in sharp contrast to declines in SpO2 and associated pulmonary function through the second week following the onset of moderate or severe COVID-19 symptoms under standard care.

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“…However, several studies of moderate and severe COVID-19 patients under standard care that track SpO2, pulmonary abnormalities, or both establish that for most patients, SpO2 decreases in tandem with an increase in the extent of pulmonary CT abnormalities from the day of onset of disease symptoms through the second week following. [42][43][44][45][46][47][48] Thus, the expected change in SpO2 within 48 hours after rst IVM dose would be < 0, and one-tailed paired t-test calculations can assess whether SpO2 values increased signi cantly > 0 at each time period tracked.…”

Section: Results For Pre-and Post-treatment Spo2 Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid increase of SpO2 on room air for 34 severe COVID-19 patients after ivermectin-based combination treatment: 55-62% normalization within 12-24 hours

Stone¹,

Ndarukwa²,

Scheim³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background. The emergence of COVID-19 in March 2020 challenged Zimbabwe to mount a response with limited medical facilities and therapeutic options. Ivermectin (IVM) had by then been safely used to treat a variety of human diseases affecting millions, as noted by the Nobel Committee in awarding its 2015 prize for medicine. Based upon early clinical indications of efficacy against COVID-19, IVM-based combination treatments were deployed to treat this infection in Zimbabwe.Methods. Data were retrospectively analyzed for 34 severe COVID-19 patients treated with IVM-based combination therapy between August 2020 and May 2021, for whom pre- and post-treatment SpO2 values were all recorded on room air. Mortality and deterioration outcomes were also analyzed for a larger set of 92 severe COVID-19 patients receiving IVM-based treatment.Results: For the 34-patient SpO2 tracking series, all but two patients had significantly increased SpO2 values after the first IVM dose, and all patients recovered. Mean increases in SpO2 as percentages of full normalization to SpO2=97 were 55.1% at +12 hours and 62.3% at +24 hours post-treatment. These results paralleled similar sharp increases in SpO2, all on room air, for a series of 24 RT-qPCR confirmed, mostly severe COVID-19 patients in the USA (California) who were given IVM combination treatment, all of whom recovered. For 19 of those patients having SpO2 ≤ 90 prior to IVM, the mean SpO2 normalization at +24 hours post-treatment was 65.2% as calculated from the SpO2 values reported. For our larger series of 92 severe COVID-19 patients in Zimbabwe, median age 53, only two died and two more deteriorated prior to recovery, far less than a predicted 7 deaths and 17 deteriorations for the demographics and risk factors of these patients.Conclusions. The rapid, marked increases in SpO2 for both the Zimbabwe and California patients stand in sharp contrast to the decline in SpO2 and associated pulmonary function following onset of moderate or severe COVID-19 symptoms under standard care. These rapid SpO2 increases and low mortality rates support extended deployment of IVM treatment for COVID-19, complementary to immunizations for prevention.

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Tomographic findings in patients with COVID-19 according to evolution of the disease

Cited by 7 publications

References 51 publications

SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Induces Hemagglutination: Implications for COVID-19 Morbidities and Therapeutics and for Vaccine Adverse Effects

SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Induces Hemagglutination: Implications for COVID-19 Morbidities and Therapeutics and for Vaccine Adverse Effects

Changes in SpO2 on Room Air for 34 Severe COVID-19 Patients after Ivermectin-Based Combination Treatment: 62% Normalization within 24 Hours

Rapid increase of SpO2 on room air for 34 severe COVID-19 patients after ivermectin-based combination treatment: 55-62% normalization within 12-24 hours

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