Tongue lesions and anomalies in a sample of Yemeni dental patients: A cross-sectional study.

Abstract

Background: Tongue examination helps considerably in diagnosing the un derlying health state of the patient, especially in the cases of chronic diseases. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and association of tongue lesions with risk factors among Yemeni dental patients. Materials and methods: An oral medicine specialist examined all 713 patients attending the dental polyclinics at the University of Sciences and Technology (Sana'a, Yemen). The examination sheet was designed to include information related to patient characteristics, medical history, dental history, habits, and tongue lesions. Results: The prevalence of tongue lesions among the examined participants was 76.5%. The prevalence rate was 83.4% for males and 69.2% for females. Fissured tongue was the most common condition. Logistic regression analysis indicated that older age (p<0.001), gender (p=0.007), khat chewing (p<0.001), and smoking (p=0.001) were associated with fissured tongue; gender (p<0.001), khat chewing (p<0.001), and smoking (p<0.001) were associated with hairy tongue; and older age (p<0.001), khat chewing (p=0.001), and smoking (p=.021) were associated with coated tongue. Conclusion: The prevalence of tongue lesions among this sample of Yemeni population was 76.5%; fissured tongue and hairy tongue were the most prevalent lesions. Khat chewing, smoking, and older age were the associated risk factors for many of studied lesions and anomalies.

A Multicenter Study of Tongue Lesions from Thailand

“…The mean age of the patients in the present study was 45.26 years which is in accordance with most previous studies based on histopathological examination; 44.50 years by Miyake et al, 28 45.30 years by Costa et al, 26 46.41 years by Lasisi and Abimbola, 25 47.00 years by Alaeddini et al, 2 48.00 years by Shamloo et al, 24 but higher than 24.00 years by Al-Wesabi et al, 16 33.00 years by Byahatti and Ingafou, 19 36.51 years by Mushatat et al, 21 or in the 6 to 10-year-aged group by Vörös-Balog et al 18 The study by Vörös-Balog et al 18 focused on tongue lesions in Hungarian children. The studies by Al-Wesabi et al 16 and by Byahatti and Ingafou 19 used median age instead of mean age.…”

“…For example, mucus extravasation phenomenon (mucocele) preferentially occurred at the ventral surface of the tongue, squamous cell carcinoma and epithelial dysplasia at the lateral border of the tongue, and lichen planus/lichenoid reaction at lateral border of the tongue followed by dorsal surface of the tongue, respectively. Most of the clinical studies 5,[16][17][18][19][20][21] revealed that fissured tongue was the most common tongue lesion. However, the study by Avcu and Kanli 14 found that coated tongue was the most prevalent tongue lesion followed by fissured tongue.…”

“…Some previous studies 17,[19][20][21]24,28 including the present study as well as the large-scaled biopsy-based study by Alaeddini et al 2 demonstrated the female predominance, while others revealed the opposite. 5,14,16,18,[25][26][27]29 The reason why tongue lesions were encountered in men more than in women in a large-scaled clinical study from Turkey is accounted for by the fact that smoking, black tea drinking, and poor oral hygiene are more prevalent in men than in women. 14 In the present study, lateral border of the tongue was the most common site which is in accordance with the studies manifestations of systemic diseases or early stage of malignancy.…”

“…Most of the previous studies were based on clinical observations without histopathological examination. [16][17][18][19][20][21] There has been a scarcity of the studies on tongue lesions which are based on histopathological examination, especially from Thailand. Only two such studies have been documented in the English language literature.…”

Tongue Lesions - A Clinical Study

“…The male and female ratio is 1.34:1. Mohammed Ali Al-Wesabi et al 7 shows incidence in male 51.6% and female 48.4% which is almost similar to our observation.…”