Tongue movement in the cat during the intake of solid food

Thexton, A.J.; McGarrick, J.D.

doi:10.1016/0003-9969(89)90064-2

Cited by 37 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The precise coordination of different orofacial muscles and motor nuclei is necessary for executing the complex function. For example, during chewing, the masser begins rhythm activities concomitantly with the movement of tongue [34]–[36]. Besides, facial muscles, especially the buccal muscle which is an essential ingredient of the oral cavity wall, involve the constitution of the muscle pathway for food or liquid and also take part in chewing movement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nociceptive Afferents to the Premotor Neurons That Send Axons Simultaneously to the Facial and Hypoglossal Motoneurons by Means of Axon Collaterals

Dong

Zhang

et al. 2011

PLoS ONE

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It is well known that the brainstem premotor neurons of the facial nucleus and hypoglossal nucleus coordinate orofacial nociceptive reflex (ONR) responses. However, whether the brainstem PNs receive the nociceptive projection directly from the caudal spinal trigeminal nucleus is still kept unclear. Our present study focuses on the distribution of premotor neurons in the ONR pathways of rats and the collateral projection of the premotor neurons which are involved in the brainstem local pathways of the orofacial nociceptive reflexes of rat. Retrograde tracer Fluoro-gold (FG) or FG/tetramethylrhodamine-dextran amine (TMR-DA) were injected into the VII or/and XII, and anterograde tracer biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) was injected into the caudal spinal trigeminal nucleus (Vc). The tracing studies indicated that FG-labeled neurons receiving BDA-labeled fibers from the Vc were mainly distributed bilaterally in the parvicellular reticular formation (PCRt), dorsal and ventral medullary reticular formation (MdD, MdV), supratrigeminal nucleus (Vsup) and parabrachial nucleus (PBN) with an ipsilateral dominance. Some FG/TMR-DA double-labeled premotor neurons, which were observed bilaterally in the PCRt, MdD, dorsal part of the MdV, peri-motor nucleus regions, contacted with BDA-labeled axonal terminals and expressed c-fos protein-like immunoreactivity which induced by subcutaneous injection of formalin into the lip. After retrograde tracer wheat germ agglutinated horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) was injected into VII or XII and BDA into Vc, electron microscopic study revealed that some BDA-labeled axonal terminals made mainly asymmetric synapses on the dendritic and somatic profiles of WGA-HRP-labeled premotor neurons. These data indicate that some premotor neurons could integrate the orofacial nociceptive input from the Vc and transfer these signals simultaneously to different brainstem motonuclei by axonal collaterals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nociceptive Afferents to the Premotor Neurons That Send Axons Simultaneously to the Facial and Hypoglossal Motoneurons by Means of Axon Collaterals

Dong

Zhang

et al. 2011

PLoS ONE

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“…The same mechanism has also been seen in stage II intraoral transport in the cat [17,19]. Whereas the opossum and some other mammals accumulate a bolus of triturated solid food in the vallecular region over many cycles before swallowing, in the macaque only a small amount of solid food is transported to the valleculae, usually over only one cycle, while the remainder of the food is retained within the oral cavity.…”

Section: Macaque: Adultmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…A transverse cross-section through the epiglottis is illustrated in figure 1C. The [1978][1979][1980][1981][1982][1983][1984][1985][1986][1987][1988][1989][1990][1991][1992][1993][1994][1995][1996][1997] Chewing or (successively (empties [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Repositioning packs and valleculae temporarily and produces stores food in transit to the vallecular upper region of the oesophageal pharynx 1 ) sphincter) epiglottis and the aryepiglottic folds, forming the most superior part of the laryngeal apparatus, are positioned so that the entrance to the airway is above the level of the soft palate, forming an intranarial larynx [24,25]. A seal or sphincter at the front of the mouth may be formed by the orbicularis oris muscle.…”

Section: Opossummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the macaque the midline edge of the soft palate lies closer to the posterior pharyngeal wall than in the opossum so that the muscular portion of the soft palate can easily be drawn against the upper constrictor muscles to close off the posterior nasal airway. The vallecular space in the macaque is reduced compared to that in the opossum so that the macaque cannot accumulate an extensive bolus in the space, as occurs in the opossum and in most other non-anthropoid mammals such as the cat [17,19], dog [27], goat [Crompton and Lieberman, pers. commun.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Control of Swallowing

Thexton¹,

Crompton²

1998

The Scientific Basis of Eating

Self Cite

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Swallowing is a subset of the continuous series of automatic events that transports food from the level of the incisor teeth to the stomach and, in normal feeding, swallowing does not exist separately from that continuous series. However, the human swallow has traditionally been studied as an isolated event, elicited on command as a voluntary action. Much of the early literature is concerned only with the human adult swallow so that many of the ideas about swallowing are dominated by the descriptions and the terminology of the isolated swallow of the human adult.The conventional division of the human swallow into separate stages is usually ascribed to Magendie [1] who introduced his description of the swallow with the following: 'To facilitate its study we divide deglutition into three periods. In the first, the food passes from the mouth to the pharynx; in the second, it passes the opening of the glottis, that of the nasal canals, and arrives at the oesophagus; in the third, it passes through this tube, and enters the stomach.' It has become conventional, at least in undergraduate textbooks, to state that swallows 'consist' of three separate stages: oral, pharyngeal and oesophageal. The conventional first stage is usually described as voluntary and as moving food up to the fauces; the conventional second stage is usually described as a reflex response (elicited by the contact of the bolus with the pillars of the fauces) which moves food through the fauces and then through the pharynx. The conventional first two stages do not therefore correspond well to Magendie's [1] first two periods although there is correspondence between the conventional third stage and Magendie's third period. The swallow has, however, also been described as consisting of four or more stages [2,3] and as consisting of only two stages [4]. The basis of the variable definitions

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“…However, there is no information on the mode of deglutition in nonhuman hominoids that would allow us to evaluate the foregoing interpretation. There have been many studies on the movement of the epiglottis in nonhuman mammals Larson and Herring 1996;Crompton et al 1997) and on the transfer of food through the oral cavity, using cineradiography or X-ray television (Franks et al 1984;Thexton and McGarrick 1989;German et al 1992;Hiiemae et al 1995). However, to my knowledge there are no detailed examinations on the interaction of the hyoid and laryngeal skeleton while swallowing in nonhuman mammals.…”

Section: Modifications In the Swallowing Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 94%

Descent of the Larynx in Chimpanzees: Mosaic and Multiple-Step Evolution of the Foundations for Human Speech

Nishimura

Cognitive Development in Chimpanzees

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Tongue movement in the cat during the intake of solid food

Cited by 37 publications

References 9 publications

Nociceptive Afferents to the Premotor Neurons That Send Axons Simultaneously to the Facial and Hypoglossal Motoneurons by Means of Axon Collaterals

Nociceptive Afferents to the Premotor Neurons That Send Axons Simultaneously to the Facial and Hypoglossal Motoneurons by Means of Axon Collaterals

The Control of Swallowing

Descent of the Larynx in Chimpanzees: Mosaic and Multiple-Step Evolution of the Foundations for Human Speech

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