Tongue Strength and Endurance in Different Aged Individuals

Abstract

The results of this study suggest that tongue function is gender- and age-dependent and follows the same trends as hand function. Tongue strength is decreased in older individuals and females, while tongue endurance is gender- and age-independent.

Lingual kinematic strategies used to increase speech rate: Comparison between younger and older adults

“…Common are reports of decreased skeletal muscle strength, muscle atrophy and increased muscle fatigability (Campbell, McComas, & Petito, 1973;Price, & Darvell, 1981;Wilder, 1984;Sonies, 1991;Crow, & Ship, 1996;Martini, 1998). Declines in sensory and motor nerve conduction velocity, motor unit loss, and a slowing of fine and gross motor movements (LaFratta, & Canestrari, 1966;Brown, 1972;Sonies, 1991) have also been observed, as have changes to the skeletal system, with bone loss and changes in bone composition (Sonies, 1991).…”

“…Age-related changes in tongue structure and function include findings of muscle atrophy (Bassler, 1987), reductions in strength (Price, & Darvell, 1981;Robbins et al, 1995;Crow, & Ship, 1996), slower movements and reduced regularity in the rhythm of tongue movements (Hirai, Tanaka, Koshino, & Yajima, 1991). Increases in fatty tissue (lipomatosis) in the musculature of the tongue (Bassler, 1987), together with a narrowing of muscle fibres and fibrosis of the perimysium (Bassler, 1987) have also been found with increased age.…”

Quality of sleep and risk for obstructive sleep apnoea in ambulant individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus at a tertiary referral hospital in Kenya: a cross-sectional, comparative study

“…The prevalence of OSA increases with age; 2-to 3-fold higher prevalence in older persons (≥65 years) compared to middle aged persons (30-64 years) [33]. Old age is often accompanied by muscular and neurological loss of muscle tone of the upper airway with enhanced collapsibility, thus increasing risk for OSA [34,35].…”

Influência de altura, peso e índice de massa corporal na força axial da língua

“…In the literature, some studies have found a relationship between increasing of age and decreasing of tongue force (2,(14)(15)(16)18) . However, the strength reduction only occurs after age 60 (12)(13)(14) justifying the non stratification of the sample by age.…”

“…Some studies found greater force in men (2,6,13,(15)(16)(17) . However, in other studies such difference was not observed (12,14,(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) .…”