Tongue thickness measured by ultrasonography is associated with tongue pressure in the Japanese elderly

Abstract

The term "oral frailty" reflects the fact that oral health is associated with physical frailty and mortality. The gold standard methods for evaluating the swallowing function have several problems, including the need for specialized equipment, the risk of radiation exposure and aspiration, and general physicians not possessing the requisite training to perform the examination. Hence, several simple and non-invasive techniques have been developed for evaluating swallowing function, such as those for measuring tongue pressure and tongue thickness. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between tongue thickness ultrasonography and tongue pressure in the Japanese elderly. We evaluated 254 elderly patients, who underwent tongue ultrasonography and tongue pressure measurement. To determine tongue thickness, we measured the vertical distance from the surface of the mylohyoid muscle to the tongue dorsum using ultrasonography. The results of the analyses revealed that tongue thickness was linearly associated with tongue pressure in both sexes. In male participants, dyslipidemia, lower leg circumference, and tongue pressure were independently and significantly associated with tongue thickness. In female participants, body mass index and tongue pressure were independently and significantly associated with tongue thickness. The optimal cutoff for tongue thickness to predict the tongue pressure of < 20 kPa was 41.3 mm in males, and 39.3 mm in females. In the Japanese elderly, tongue thickness using ultrasonography is associated with tongue pressure. Tongue thickness and tongue pressure, which are sensitive markers for oral frailty, decrease with age. We conclude that tongue ultrasonography provides a less invasive technique for determining tongue thickness and predicts oral frailty for elderly patients.

Detailed findings of videofluoroscopic examination among patients with Parkinson's disease on the effect of cervical percutaneous interferential current stimulation

“…Furthermore, high body mass index and calf circumference were associated with improvement in oral cavity residue. Previous studies in healthy older individuals reported the positive correlation of body mass index and calf circumference with tongue pressure and tongue thickness (32). A thicker tongue reduces oral cavity volume and makes it more likely for tongue pressure to increase.…”

Influence of Oral Health on Frailty in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Aged 75 Years or Older

“…The tongue is mostly composed of muscle and an association between arm muscle mass and tongue thickness has been shown 28 . It has also been reported that tongue pressure and tongue thickness are signi cantly lower in women compared to men 29,30 . Considering these facts, the function of the tongue relative to muscle mass may be one of the causes of the differences between the sexes in the development of oral frailty.…”

Influence of Oral Health on Frailty in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Aged 75 Years or Older

“…The tongue is mostly composed of muscle and an association between arm muscle mass and tongue thickness has been shown [29]. It has also been reported that tongue pressure and tongue thickness are signi cantly lower in women compared to in men [30,31], and thus, masticatory function may differ between males and females in the elderly population as well. Considering these facts, the function of the tongue relative to muscle mass may be one of the causes of the differences between the sexes in the development of oral frailty.…”