Tonic and phasic orientation in full-term and preterm infants

Foreman, Nigel; Fielder, Alistair R.; Price, D. E.; Bowler, Valerie

doi:10.1016/0022-0965(91)90085-7

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 47 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The present results may be tentatively related to human infants, particularly since a disturbed relationship between cortical and subcortical centers is a possible explanation for some of the effects of abnormally early visual stimulation in man (Foreman et al, 1991. ) Thus, the EEO paradigm used with rodents might prove useful in the future for evaluating the appropriateness of early visual environments for preterm human infants, and the possible detrimental effects of inappropriate stimulation in neonatal life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…If early sensory exposure has a facilitatory effect on development, animals given unusually early sensory experience will have their development accelerated. This has obvious implications for human premature birth, since preterm infants are born with eyes open and may have some aspects of their development accelerated as a result (Foreman, Fielder, Price, & Bowler, 1991 . ) Kenny and Turkewitz (1986) employed surgical eyelid opening at 7 postnatal days in rats (i.e., 7 days before spontaneous opening) to investigate the effects of unusually early visual experience.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The development of exploration and spontaneous alternation in hooded rat pups: Effects of unusually early eyelid opening

Foreman

Altaha

1991

Developmental Psychobiology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Changes in exploratory activity and spontaneous alternation were examined across postnatal Days 8-31 in Lister hooded rat pups whose eyelids were surgically opened at 6-8 postnatal days. Compared with controls, whose eyes open naturally at 14-16 days, the treated animals showed accelerated behavioral development. Open-field activity increased more rapidly in the week following surgery, but only when all pups in the litter had their eyelids opened, and not when only half of the litter was treated. Rearing on the hind paws emerged earlier in treated animals, but grooming was unaffected. Pups having unilateral early eyelid opening made pivotal circling movements contraversive to the opened eye in an open-field arena in the early neonatal period. When tested in a T-maze, treated pups showed earlier spontaneous alternation than controls. Possible physiological systems underlying such changes are discussed. Our results show that unusually early visual stimulation has behavioral consequences, producing a brief speeding of some attentional and investigatory behaviors, though such changes may also depend upon environmental factors.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of exploration and spontaneous alternation in hooded rat pups: Effects of unusually early eyelid opening

Foreman

Altaha

1991

Developmental Psychobiology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Sometimes such parameters as behavioral inhibition, motor quieting, and eye widening are also used in assessing the responsiveness of newborns (Gomes et al, 2000). Orienting responses to various sounds (bell, rattle, voice) are often used in neonatal clinical assessments (Foreman et al, 1991; Riese, 1998; Van de Weijer-Bergsma et al, 2008). Neonatal reactivity to such sounds appears to be predictive of further development of temperament (Riese, 1998) and later attentional and behavioral functioning (for a review, see Van de Weijer-Bergsma et al, 2008).…”

Section: Development Of Passive Auditory Attention During the First Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

Separating acoustic deviance from novelty during the first year of life: a review of event-related potential evidence

Kushnerenko¹,

Bergh²,

Winkler³

2013

Front. Psychol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Orienting to salient events in the environment is a first step in the development of attention in young infants. Electrophysiological studies have indicated that in newborns and young infants, sounds with widely distributed spectral energy, such as noise and various environmental sounds, as well as sounds widely deviating from their context elicit an event-related potential (ERP) similar to the adult P3a response. We discuss how the maturation of event-related potentials parallels the process of the development of passive auditory attention during the first year of life. Behavioral studies have indicated that the neonatal orientation to high-energy stimuli gradually changes to attending to genuine novelty and other significant events by approximately 9 months of age. In accordance with these changes, in newborns, the ERP response to large acoustic deviance is dramatically larger than that to small and moderate deviations. This ERP difference, however, rapidly decreases within first months of life and the differentiation of the ERP response to genuine novelty from that to spectrally rich but repeatedly presented sounds commences during the same period. The relative decrease of the response amplitudes elicited by high-energy stimuli may reflect development of an inhibitory brain network suppressing the processing of uninformative stimuli. Based on data obtained from healthy full-term and pre-term infants as well as from infants at risk for various developmental problems, we suggest that the electrophysiological indices of the processing of acoustic and contextual deviance may be indicative of the functioning of auditory attention, a crucial prerequisite of learning and language development.

show abstract

“…High-risk preterms have longer look durations, slower disengagement, and attention shifts, and they shift less between stimuli than their fullterm-born peers ( 19 – 21 ). In low-risk preterms, however, the rates of gaze shifts are temporarily faster than those of fullterms ( 22 – 25 ). Hunnius and colleagues attributed this finding to the fact that the additional visual exposure experienced by preterms in comparison to their fullterm peers may have accelerated the maturation of cortical processes involved in disengaging ( 25 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Visual Attention in Preterm and Fullterm Infants in Relation to Cognitive and Motor Outcomes at School Age: An Exploratory Study

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: Preterm infants are exposed to the visual environment earlier than fullterm infants, but whether early exposure affects later development is unclear. Our aim was to investigate whether the development of visual disengagement capacity during the first 6 months postterm was associated with cognitive and motor outcomes at school age, and whether associations differed between fullterms and low-risk preterms.Method: Seventeen fullterms and ten low-risk preterms were tested in a gaze shifting task every 4 weeks until 6 months postterm. The longitudinal data were converted into single continuous variables by fitting the data with an S-shaped curve (frequencies of looks) or an inverse model (latencies of looks). Neuropsychological test results at school age were converted into composite z scores. We then performed linear regression analyses for each functional domain at school age with the variables measuring infant visual attention as separate predictors and adjusting for maternal level of education and group (fullterms versus preterms). We included an interaction term, visual attention*group, to determine whether predictive relations differed between fullterms and preterms.Results: A slower development of disengagement predicted poorer performance on attention, motor skills, and handwriting, irrespective of fullterm or preterm birth. Predictive relationships differed marginally between fullterms and preterms for inhibitory attentional control (P = 0.054) and comprehensive reading (P = 0.064).Conclusion: This exploratory study yielded no indications of a clear advantage or disadvantage of the extra visual exposure in healthy preterm infants. We tentatively conclude that additional visual exposure does not interfere with the ongoing development of neuronal networks during this vulnerable period of brain development.

show abstract

Tonic and phasic orientation in full-term and preterm infants

Cited by 8 publications

References 47 publications

The development of exploration and spontaneous alternation in hooded rat pups: Effects of unusually early eyelid opening

The development of exploration and spontaneous alternation in hooded rat pups: Effects of unusually early eyelid opening

Separating acoustic deviance from novelty during the first year of life: a review of event-related potential evidence

Early Visual Attention in Preterm and Fullterm Infants in Relation to Cognitive and Motor Outcomes at School Age: An Exploratory Study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About