Tonic, phasic, and transient EEG correlates of auditory awareness in drowsiness

Makeig, Scott; Jung, Tzyy‐Ping

doi:10.1016/0926-6410(95)00042-9

Cited by 235 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…During an auditory vigilance task, there was a pattern of increased near 4 Hz (low) theta and decreased near 40 Hz gamma during missed targets (lapses) with the opposite pattern during accurate target detections (hits) (Makeig and Jung, 1996). The increase in low theta power with poor performance was subsequently confirmed in a more difficult continuous performance task using subjects studied throughout 42 h of sleep deprivation .…”

Section: Electrophysiological Measuresmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…The increase in low theta power with poor performance was subsequently confirmed in a more difficult continuous performance task using subjects studied throughout 42 h of sleep deprivation . Both studies revealed a periodicity of about 18 s for both performance and EEG low theta activity during periods of relatively poor performance related to drowsiness, with the two measures correlated to one another (Makeig and Jung, 1996;. Following overnight or diurnal sleep there is an increase in interhemispheric correlations as compared to presleep baseline, with the opposite effect seen after a night of sleep deprivation (Corsi-Cabrera et al, 1992).…”

Section: Electrophysiological Measuresmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The EEG changes were somewhat different in tasks in which the eyes are open compared with the eyes closed task, perhaps highlighting why alpha frequency activity may not be a very reliable intersubject correlate of performance changes. The decreased performance and EEG changes similar to drowsiness may cycle at lengths on the order of 15 s to many minutes (Conte et al, 1995;Makeig and Inlow, 1993;Makeig and Jung, 1996). Not unsurprisingly, changes in 14 Hz activity (presumably spindles) in the epochs preceding stimulus presentation were associated with performance only when error rates were very high (Jung, 1997;Makeig and Jung, 1996).…”

Section: Eeg-performance Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The decreased performance and EEG changes similar to drowsiness may cycle at lengths on the order of 15 s to many minutes (Conte et al, 1995;Makeig and Inlow, 1993;Makeig and Jung, 1996). Not unsurprisingly, changes in 14 Hz activity (presumably spindles) in the epochs preceding stimulus presentation were associated with performance only when error rates were very high (Jung, 1997;Makeig and Jung, 1996). Using the full EEG power spectrum to predict alertness as measured by reaction time performance was slightly better than simply using EEG at 5 specific frequencies they had previously shown to be sensitive to alertness changes (Jung, 1997).…”

Section: Eeg-performance Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vigilance, alertness, or sustained attention: physiological basis and measurement

Oken

Salinsky

Elsas

2006

Clinical Neurophysiology

678

463

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Vigilance is a term with varied definitions but the most common usage is sustained attention or tonic alertness. This usage of vigilance implies both the degree of arousal on the sleep-wake axis and the level of cognitive performance. There are many interacting neural and neurotransmitter systems that affect vigilance. Most studies of vigilance have relied on states where the sleep-wake state is altered, e.g. drowsiness, sleep-deprivation, and CNS-active drugs, but there are factors ranging from psychophysics to motivation that may impact vigilance. While EEG is the most commonly studied physiologic measure of vigilance, various measures of eye movement and of autonomic nervous system activity have also been used. This review paper discusses the underlying neural basis of vigilance and its assessment using physiologic tools. Since, assessment of vigilance requires assessment of cognitive function this aspect is also discussed.

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Section: Electrophysiological Measuresmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Electrophysiological Measuresmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Eeg-performance Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Eeg-performance Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vigilance, alertness, or sustained attention: physiological basis and measurement

Oken

Salinsky

Elsas

2006

Clinical Neurophysiology

678

463

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“…These side effects may be reflected in the 2-fold increase of EEG activity in the 4.75-7.5 Hz range during a 5-min wake period prior to sleep (Figure 1). A significant association between enhanced power in the theta band and subjective sleepiness or drowsiness is present in healthy subjects (Makeig and Jung 1996;Cajochen et al 1999b;Finelli et al 2000). Furthermore, the changes in the wake EEG during phenelzine treatment were reminiscent of those associated with increased sleepiness after melatonin administration (Cajochen et al 1996) and sleep deprivation (Cajochen et al 1995), or the differences in the waking EEG between habitual short and long sleepers (Aeschbach et al 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Effects of Phenelzine Treatment on EEG Topography in Waking and Sleep in Depressed Patients

Landolt

Gillin

2002

Neuropsychopharmacology

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A novel approach to investigate the relationship between depression and changes in sleep-wake regulatory mechanisms used the monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) phenelzine that is known to suppress rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep. Sleep architecture and EEG topography during wakefulness and sleep were studied in eight depressed patients before and after five weeks of treatment with phenelzine (30-90 mg/day), which induced a significant alleviation of depressive symptoms. Theta power (4.75-7.5 Hz) during a 5-min wake EEG prior to sleep increased two-fold during administration of phenelzine. REM sleep was almost completely eliminated. This latter effect was compensated by increased duration of stage 2, whereas total sleep time was not shortened. In non-REM sleep (stages 2, 3, and 4), treatment slightly reduced EEG power between 2. Hz band increased. Activity in the delta band Mood and the regulation of sleep are closely related. This notion is supported by the presence of frequent sleep abnormalities in depressed patients, which may affect both rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep and nonrapid-eye-movement (non-REM) sleep (Benca et al. 1992). A tight association between sleep and mood is further suggested by the beneficial action of total and partial sleep deprivation, as well as phase advance therapies of sleep in many patients with depression (Gillin and Borbély 1985; Wirz-Justice and Van den Hoofdakker 1999). Different theories have been proposed to account for the antidepressant effects of sleep manipulations. They include prolonged major suppression of REM sleep (Vogel 1975;Vogel et al. 1990), elevation of sleep propensity (Borbély and Wirz-Justice 1982), and reduction of non-REM sleep intensity (Beersma and Van den Hoofdakker 1992).The timing of sleep and wakefulness and the structure of sleep are regulated by the interaction of a homeostatic, sleep-wake-dependent process S and the circadian pacemaker located in the hypothalamus et al. 1981;Daan et al. 1984;Dijk et al. 1987;Achermann et al. 1993). Recent studies have indicated that an EEG correlate of sleep propensity can also be measured during wakefulness. Power in the theta band ( ‫ف‬ 5-8 Hz) of the wake EEG increases during sleep deprivation (Cajochen et al. 1995;Aeschbach et al. 1997;Finelli et al. 2000). The time constant of this increase is similar to that obtained for the wake-dependent rise of delta power as measured in non-REM sleep. Furthermore, topographical analyses of the EEG during prolonged wakefulness have shown that the increase of theta activity in waking and delta activity ( ‫ف‬ 1-4 Hz) in non-REM sleep are largest in frontal EEG derivations and positively correlated (Werth et al. 1998;Cajochen et al. 1999aCajochen et al. , 1999bFinelli et al. 2000). These findings suggest that sleep regulation may exhibit local features. In other words, frontal parts of the cortex may be particularly susceptible to sleep loss and reflect the homeostatic process of sleep regulation more sensitively than other cortical regions. The monoamine oxidase inhibitor...

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Decreased connection density and modularity of functional brain networks during n‐back working memory paradigm

et al. 2020

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Tonic, phasic, and transient EEG correlates of auditory awareness in drowsiness

Cited by 235 publications

References 22 publications

Vigilance, alertness, or sustained attention: physiological basis and measurement

Vigilance, alertness, or sustained attention: physiological basis and measurement

Different Effects of Phenelzine Treatment on EEG Topography in Waking and Sleep in Depressed Patients

Decreased connection density and modularity of functional brain networks during n‐back working memory paradigm

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