Tonotopic organization of the human auditory cortex revealed by transient auditory evoked magnetic fields

Pantev, Christo; Hoke, M.; Lehnertz, Klaus; Lütkenhöner, Bernd; Anogianakis, G.; Wittkowski, W.

doi:10.1016/0013-4694(88)90211-8

Cited by 372 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In mammals, reorganization of the auditory cortex evoked by conditioning (associative learning) greatly depends on both the corticofugal auditory system excited by a conditioned tone and other systems such as the somatosensory cortex excited by an unconditioned electric leg-shock (2, 3) and the cholinergic system (19)(20)(21). Our present data suggests that organization and reorganization of the cortical areas specialized for human speech processing may be quite different from those of the AI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

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Plasticity of the cochleotopic (frequency) map in specialized and nonspecialized auditory cortices

Sakai

Suga

2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Auditory conditioning (associative learning) causes reorganization of the cochleotopic (frequency) maps of the primary auditory cortex (AI) and the inferior colliculus. Focal electric stimulation of the AI also evokes basically the same cortical and collicular reorganization as that caused by conditioning. Therefore, part of the neural mechanism for the plasticity of the central auditory system caused by conditioning can be explored by focal electric stimulation of the AI. The reorganization is due to shifts in best frequencies (BFs) together with shifts in frequency-tuning curves of single neurons. In the AI of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) and the posterior division of the AI of the mustached bat (Pteronotus parnellii), focal electric stimulation evokes BF shifts of cortical auditory neurons located within a 0.7-mm distance along the frequency axis. The amount and direction of BF shift differ depending on the relationship in BF between stimulated and recorded neurons, and between the gerbil and mustached bat. Comparison in BF shift between different mammalian species and between different cortical areas of a single species indicates that BF shift toward the BF of electrically stimulated cortical neurons (centripetal BF shift) is common in the AI, whereas BF shift away from the BF of electrically stimulated cortical neurons (centrifugal BF shift) is special. Therefore, we propose a hypothesis that reorganization, and accordingly organization, of cortical auditory areas caused by associative learning can be quite different between specialized and nonspecialized (ordinary) areas of the auditory cortex.bat ͉ gerbil ͉ hearing ͉ reorganization of cortex ͉ tonotopic map I n the big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus), auditory responses, frequency-tuning curves, best frequencies (BFs), and the frequency (cochleotopic) map in the inferior colliculus (IC) change according to acoustic signals frequently heard by the animal (1, 2) and also by auditory conditioning, i.e., associative learning (2, 3). Inactivation of the primary auditory cortex (AI) during the conditioning abolishes these collicular changes. Therefore, the corticofugal (descending) auditory system plays an essential role in the plasticity of the IC (2, 3). The conditioning evokes not only collicular changes, but also changes in the AI. Cortical changes are almost the same as collicular changes in amount but different in time course (3). Focal electric stimulation of the AI also evokes the same changes in the IC (1, 4) and AI (4, 5) as those evoked by repetitive acoustic stimuli or auditory conditioning. The cortical and collicular changes evoked by the electric stimulation are augmented by electric stimulation of the cholinergic basal forebrain (4) or by acetylcholine applied to the AI, as expected (6). These findings indicate that BF shifts evoked by focal electric stimulation are directly related to a normal function: reorganization of the central auditory system caused by associative learning. Therefore, the mechanism for plasticity of the audit...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…The reorganization thus far found in cats (19)(20)(21) and monkeys (22,23) produces over-representation of the stimulus. Therefore, cortical reorganization by centripetal BF shift must be common, which was found in the AI of the gerbil, the AI of the big brown bat, and the AIp of the mustached bat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Plasticity of the cochleotopic (frequency) map in specialized and nonspecialized auditory cortices

Sakai

Suga

2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Previous studies in the target detection paradigm have shown that the N100 is generated in primary and/or secondary auditory cortex in young (Pantev et al, 1995;Verlindt et al, 1995;Zouridakis et al, 1998) as well as elderly (Anderer et al, 1998) subjects. The P200 is generated in secondary auditory cortex (Scherg and Von Cramon, 1986;Rif et al, 1991;Siedenberg et al, 1996).…”

Section: N100 Activity During Memory Retrievalmentioning

confidence: 95%

Age-related qualitative differences in auditory cortical responses during short-term memory

Golob

Starr

2000

Clinical Neurophysiology

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Objective: To examine the affects of aging on auditory cortical activity during a short-term memory task. Methods: Young and elderly subjects performed a working memory task using acoustically presented digits while evoked potential components (N100, P200) generated by auditory cortex were recorded. Reaction time and N100/P200 amplitudes and latency were analyzed as a function of memory load.Results: N100 amplitude to probes decreased as a function of memory load in young subjects, but increased as a function of memory load in the elderly. Young subjects also exhibited changes in N100 latency during memorization of list items, a result not found in elderly subjects.Conclusions: We conclude that normal aging is associated with a qualitatively different pattern of N100 responses during memory retrieval, and a static N100 response during encoding. The ®ndings suggest that aging is accompanied by functional reorganization of the neural network that supports retrieval in auditory working memory. q

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“…Electrophysiological, neuromagnetic, and fMRI studies of auditory cortex in humans have shown that frequency sensitivity is bilaterally localized on the supratemporal plane, with low frequencies more lateral and anterior than high frequencies (Pantev et al, 1988(Pantev et al, , 1995Verkindt et al, 1995). However, some studies failed to find tonotopic mapping of N 100 and its magnetic counterpart N 100m and reported other factors, such as latency, to be important (Roberts and Poeppel, 1996;Stufflebeam et al, 1998;Lutkenhoner et al, 2003).…”

Section: Frequency Mapping In the Auditory Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auditory-evoked potentials to frequency increase and decrease of high- and low-frequency tones

Pratt

Starr

Michalewski

et al. 2009

Clinical Neurophysiology

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a b s t r a c tObjective: To define cortical brain responses to large and small frequency changes (increase and decrease) of high-and low-frequency tones. Methods: Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) were recorded in response to a 10% or a 50% frequency increase from 250 or 4000 Hz tones that were approximately 3 s in duration and presented at 500-ms intervals. Frequency increase was followed after 1 s by a decrease back to base frequency. Frequency changes occurred at least 1 s before or after tone onset or offset, respectively. Subjects were not attending to the stimuli. Latency, amplitude and source current density estimates of ERPs were compared across frequency changes. Results: All frequency changes evoked components P 50 , N 100 , and P 200 . N 100 and P 200 had double peaks at bilateral and right temporal sites, respectively. These components were followed by a slow negativity (SN). The constituents of N 100 were predominantly localized to temporo-parietal auditory areas. The potentials and their intracranial distributions were affected by both base frequency (larger potentials to low frequency) and direction of change (larger potentials to increase than decrease), as well as by change magnitude (larger potentials to larger change). The differences between frequency increase and decrease depended on base frequency (smaller difference to high frequency) and were localized to frontal areas. Conclusions: Brain activity varies according to frequency change direction and magnitude as well as base frequency. Significance: The effects of base frequency and direction of change may reflect brain networks involved in more complex processing such as speech that are differentially sensitive to frequency modulations of high (consonant discrimination) and low (vowels and prosody) frequencies.

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Tonotopic organization of the human auditory cortex revealed by transient auditory evoked magnetic fields

Cited by 372 publications

References 25 publications

Plasticity of the cochleotopic (frequency) map in specialized and nonspecialized auditory cortices

Plasticity of the cochleotopic (frequency) map in specialized and nonspecialized auditory cortices

Age-related qualitative differences in auditory cortical responses during short-term memory

Auditory-evoked potentials to frequency increase and decrease of high- and low-frequency tones

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