In the dynamic landscape of technological innovation, Standard Essential Patents (SEPs) stand as linchpins shaping industry standards and fostering interoperability. However, their intersection with antitrust scrutiny has sparked debates regarding fair competition and market distortions. This article delves into the complexities surrounding SEPs, exploring their pivotal role, potential anticompetitive behaviours, regulatory responses, and the future challenges and prospects they present. As SEPs continue to define technological ecosystems, understanding and addressing the nuances of their licensing and regulatory landscape are crucial in fostering innovation while ensuring fair competition.