“…This paper focuses on the combination of three particular advantages, those of persistent linkage, strong typing and referential integrity. Although other integrated programming environments have been developed (Teitelbaum and Reps, 1981;Reiss, 1984;Teitelman and Masinter, 1984;Sweet, 1985;Habermann and Notkin, 1986;Dowson, 1987;O'Brien, Halbert et al, 1987;Akima and Ooi, 1989;Bott, 1989;Thomas, 1989) , the authors do not know of any that use persistent linkage, strong typing and referential integrity to gain the benefits described here.…”