“…An inverse hyperbolic cosine function was fitted to enveloped signal for sensitivity enhancement, and later the obtained signal was used for HI construction. Using the obtained HI, the existing machine learning (ML) models such as artificial neural network (ANN) [13,14], kernel extreme learning machine (KELM) [5,15], convolution neural network (CNN) [4,16], random forest regression (RFR) [12], recurrent neural network (RNN) [11], long short term memory (LSTM) [6,11,16,17], deep belief network [13], transfer learning [18,19], etc. can be used for tool wear prediction.…”