Tool Wear and Surface Evaluation in Drilling Fly Ash Geopolymer Using HSS, HSS-Co, and HSS-TiN Cutting Tools

Ghazali, Mohd Fathullah; Abdullah, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri; Rahim, Shayfull Zamree Abd; Gondro, J.; Pietrusiewicz, P.; Garus, S.; Stachowiak, Tomasz; Sandu, Andrei Victor; Tahir, Muhammad Faheem Mohd; Korkmaz, Mehmet Erdi; Osman, Mohamed Syazwan

doi:10.3390/ma14071628

Cited by 19 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…According to previous studies [ 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ], the designed density was set due to the particular practice of foamed concrete. For instance, in order to obtained compressive strength of 17 MPa or higher at 28 days for the structural usage, the density should be controlled in the range of 1500 to 1800 kg/m 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation between Density and Compressive Strength of Foamed Concrete

et al. 2021

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This study aims to obtain the relationship between density and compressive strength of foamed concrete. Foamed concrete is a preferred building material due to the low density of its concrete. In foamed concrete, the compressive strength reduces with decreasing density. Generally, a denser foamed concrete produces higher compressive strength and lower volume of voids. In the present study, the tests were carried out in stages in order to investigate the effect of sand–cement ratio, water to cement ratio, foam dosage, and dilution ratio on workability, density, and compressive strength of the control foamed concrete specimen. Next, the test obtained the optimum content of processed spent bleaching earth (PSBE) as partial cement replacement in the foamed concrete. Based on the experimental results, the use of 1:1.5 cement to sand ratio for the mortar mix specified the best performance for density, workability, and 28-day compressive strength. Increasing the sand to cement ratio increased the density and compressive strength of the mortar specimen. In addition, in the production of control foamed concrete, increasing the foam dosage reduced the density and compressive strength of the control specimen. Similarly with the dilution ratio, the compressive strength of the control foamed concrete decreased with an increasing dilution ratio. The employment of PSBE significantly influenced the density and compressive strength of the foamed concrete. An increase in the percentage of PSBE reduced the density of the foamed concrete. The compressive strength of the foamed concrete that incorporated PSBE increased with increasing PSBE content up to 30% PSBE. In conclusion, the compressive strength of foamed concrete depends on its density. It was revealed that the use of 30% PSBE as a replacement for cement meets the desired density of 1600 kg/m3, with stability and consistency in workability, and it increases the compressive strength dramatically from 10 to 23 MPa as compared to the control specimen. Thus, it demonstrated that the positive effect of incorporation of PSBE in foamed concrete is linked to the pozzolanic effect whereby more calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) produces denser foamed concrete, which leads to higher strength, and it is less pore connected. In addition, the regression analysis shows strong correlation between density and compressive strength of the foamed concrete due to the R2 being closer to one. Thus, production of foamed concrete incorporating 30% PSBE might have potential for sustainable building materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation between Density and Compressive Strength of Foamed Concrete

et al. 2021

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“…For this reason, the shape and condition of the material deteriorate over time and performance loss occurs [10,11]. Abrasive wear, which is the most widely known type of wear, is a very important type of wear that may also be called scratching or tearing wear, which can cause rapid and substantial damage to pairs of materials that work together [12,13]. This type of wear can be defined as the removal of hard particles from the material surfaces By the interaction of the material surfaces with particles that are harder than themselves under pressure [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wear Behavior of Bronze vs. 100Cr6 Friction Pairs under Different Lubrication Conditions for Bearing Applications

Demirsöz

2022

Lubricants

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Damage due to a shortage or excess of or the pollution of lubricating oil is often cited as one of the most significant issues confronted by the rolling mill sectors. Lubrication can be provided by either central lubrication systems or individual lubrication systems. In this study, the wear characteristics of the mono-block rolling plain bearing material that is utilized in wire rod rolling mills were evaluated under conditions where the lubricating oil medium included either 2.5% of scale, 5% of scale, or no scale at all. In this experimental study, a unique ball-on-flat experimental setup similar to the one used in the ASTM G133-05 standards was used. Bronze was used as the bearing material and 100Cr6 roller-bearing steel was used as a steel ball of 6 mm in diameter. The experiments were carried out at room temperature, at three different sliding speeds of 5 mm/s, 10 mm/s, and 15 mm/s, and with three different loads of 10 N, 20 N, and 30 N. The wear mechanisms were analyzed visually and elementally using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) methods. An Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the Response Surface Method (RSM) were used to analyze the test results, such as volumetric material loss, the coefficient of friction, and the surface profile. In this study, which was carried out in a lubricant environment containing solid particles, the most effective parameter was the environmental parameter. The increase in the number of solid particles caused an increase in volume loss and friction coefficient.

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